Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.5, 245-253 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 246 2 Research Background and Theoretical Basis 2.1 The main physical, psychological and social problems faced by the patient After surgery, young breast cancer patients often encounter various physical problems, such as pain, weakness, poor sleep, and decreased limb mobility, which can greatly affect daily activities and overall quality of life (Tola et al., 2021; Aydin and Gursoy, 2024). These symptoms may persist for several months, making it difficult for patients to return to work, participate in household affairs and social activities (Zhou et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2023). In addition, complications such as lymphedema and surgical scars will further limit the patient's mobility and self-care ability. Therefore, physical rehabilitation becomes the core matter in the rehabilitation process. Psychologically, patients often have conditions such as anxiety, depression, fear of cancer recurrence and decreased self-esteem, and the pressure of appearance changes and adapting to new health conditions can make these problems more serious. This psychological burden often leads patients to reduce social interaction, lower their enthusiasm for doing things in the family and community, and make it more difficult to rebuild interpersonal relationships (Hu et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020). The combination of physical and psychological stress can form a vicious cycle, hindering patients' integration into society and full recovery (Aljabri, 2024; Xie et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2024). 2.2 Theoretical basis of nursing intervention Holistic nursing theory emphasizes that nursing should integrate physical, psychological and social aspects. This view holds that rehabilitation is not only about physical improvement, but also includes emotional adjustment and social adaptation. Therefore, it is advocated to adopt multiple intervention methods to meet the different needs of patients (Chan et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020; Zheng and Jin, 2021). The holistic care model supports the formulation of personalized care plans and imparts relevant knowledge to patients, enabling them to better manage their health. These practices have been proven to enhance patients' self-care ability, treatment compliance and quality of life (Xu et al., 2022; Aljabri, 2024; Wei et al., 2024). Social support theory emphasizes that interpersonal relationships and community resources are very important for rehabilitation. Through family participation, patient support groups and digital platforms, nurse-led social support interventions can alleviate the adverse effects of diseases, relieve psychological distress and promote patients to develop healthy behavioral habits (Li et al., 2021). Evidence shows that organized support programs, whether conducted face-to-face or through technical means, can make patients feel more at home, reduce loneliness, and improve mental health and social functioning (Hu et al., 2019; Setiawan, 2022). 2.3 Key dimensions of social function recovery Physical function recovery includes restoring motor ability, improving self-care ability, and alleviating symptoms such as pain and weakness. Effective care methods, such as personalized rehabilitation plans and home care, have been proven to accelerate the recovery process, reduce complications, and enable patients to be more capable of performing daily activities. Improvement of physical function is the key for patients to resume independent life and assume social and work roles again (Zhou et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2024). Mental health is equally important as it directly affects a patient's willingness to recover, adaptability and level of participation. Psychological counseling, narrative nursing, gratitude exercises and other methods can not only alleviate patients' anxiety, depression and worry about cancer recurrence, but also enhance their sense of hope and positive emotions. A good mental state can help patients better face the challenges during rehabilitation and reintegration into society (Aljabri, 2024; Huang et al., 2024; Xie et al., 2024). Social adaptation refers to the process by which patients re-assume their roles in family, work and community. Nursing interventions that can enhance social support, communication skills and self-confidence can help patients rebuild social connections and self-confidence (Wang et al., 2020; Setiawan, 2022). Solving the practical and emotional problems encountered by patients in the process of reintegration into society has been proven to enhance happiness in families and society, increase the frequency of patients' participation in social activities, and improve the overall quality of life (Hu et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020).
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