Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.5, 215-223 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 221 At the same time, the improvement of policies should also focus on institutional construction, the cultivation of professional talents, and the investment in research funds. Decision-makers can link the reimbursement mechanism with service effectiveness, support community services, and shift the focus from single treatment to care that better meets the actual needs of patients (Crawford et al., 2021; Hua et al., 2024). These measures are of great significance for establishing a long-term, fair and high-quality palliative care system. 6.2 Promote the integration of medical care and elderly care, and multi-disciplinary cooperation Promoting the integration of medical care and elderly care, as well as multi-disciplinary collaboration, is an important way to enhance end-of-life care. Compared with traditional care, nurse-led MDTs have better effects in controlling symptoms, providing psychological support, and improving the satisfaction of patients and their families (Chen et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2024). Doctors, nurses, social workers and others working closely together can provide more comprehensive services and better meet the diverse needs of patients. In the future, emphasis should be placed on optimizing team setup, clarifying each person's tasks, and maintaining good communication. The cooperative model composed of senior nurses and primary care doctors can bridge the service gap between hospitals and communities, reduce unnecessary hospitalizations, and make the care process more coherent (Mitchell et al., 2020; Crawford et al., 2021; Usech-guerrero et al., 2024). To adapt to the changes in patients and the medical environment, these models need to be constantly updated and improved. 6.3 Strengthen training and public publicity Regular training can help nurses and other medical staff improve their skills and provide better end-of-life care for patients. Training programs such as palliative care courses, nursing skills training courses and psychological stress management have all been proven to improve service levels, enhance confidence, and enable medical staff to better understand the importance of holistic care (Jeong et al., 2023; Ongko et al., 2023; Shahmohammadi et al., 2024). Expanding the scope of training and integrating it into formal education can alleviate the shortage of personnel and relieve the pressure on medical staff. In addition, it is also very important to raise public awareness of end-of-life care. Making more people aware of the benefits of early palliative care can help reduce the taboo of talking about death, encourage patients and their families to make care plans earlier and make more appropriate decisions (Ghezsefli et al., 2020; Seifart et al., 2020; Goswami, 2022). By creating an atmosphere where people can openly discuss death and end-of-life care, the medical system can better align with patients' wishes, thereby enhancing the overall quality of end-of-life care. 7 Concluding Remarks The four models of hospitals, hospice care, home care and multidisciplinary teams each have their own advantages and also face their own problems when providing hospice care for patients with advanced cancer. Hospitals and hospice care institutions can enable patients to quickly access medical resources and find professional teams, which is helpful for improving symptom control and psychological support. However, there may be problems such as overtreatment and a lack of personalized care. The family and community care model can meet patients' needs for the place of death and the participation of family members in care, but it often has to deal with the situation of insufficient resources and heavy burden on caregivers. The multidisciplinary and nurse-led model is constantly making progress in improving the quality of life, reducing negative emotions and enhancing satisfaction, but it requires strong coordination and continuous improvement of professional capabilities. To improve end-of-life care, it is necessary to promote it simultaneously from aspects such as policy improvement, insurance support, multi-disciplinary cooperation and talent cultivation. A good approach should not only alleviate physical symptoms but also care about psychological, social and spiritual needs, making care more comprehensive and truly patient-centered. In terms of system construction, corresponding measures should also be taken, such as formulating clear guiding documents, establishing standardized procedures, and improving related facilities. Doing so helps to reduce care disruptions and ensures fair and high-quality services in all situations.
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