Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, 2025, Vol.13, No.2, 50-61 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/cge 55 situation, it has been confirmed that the personalized combined treatment plan has an important value in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. For instance, a comprehensive study and analysis of the bevacizumab treatment regimen found that for both patients undergoing the first treatment and those with relapsed disease, the time to stable disease was significantly prolonged after using this regimen, and it had good safety. The probability of serious side effects such as intestinal perforation was also relatively low (Liu et al., 2021). These research results support the addition of targeted therapeutic drugs to the standard chemotherapy regimens for specific patients. Figure 2 Tumor microenvironment related immunotherapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2022) Image caption: The graph shows multiple therapies combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockades to boost the immune response, including chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, PARP inhibitor, adoptive cell therapy, vaccine-based therapy, oncolytic therapy and T cell immunomodulators (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2022) Data from actual clinical treatment also indicate that personalized treatment strategies are crucial. Combining chemotherapy with targeted treatment methods such as PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic drugs can lead to better therapeutic effects (Franco et al., 2024). More and more clinical studies and translational studies are constantly providing a basis for the best treatment plan, emphasizing that early detection of the disease, selection of appropriate patients based on biomarkers, and adoption of combined treatment plans are crucial for improving the therapeutic effect of advanced ovarian cancer (Cortez et al., 2017; Franco et al., 2024). 6 The Combination of Individualized Treatments and Multiple Treatment Methods 6.1 Use it together with chemotherapy or arrange the sequence properly Individualized treatments, such as targeted drugs and immunotherapy, are increasingly being used in combination with conventional chemotherapy or with a well-arranged medication sequence to enhance the therapeutic effect of advanced ovarian cancer. For example, molecular targeted drugs selected based on the tumor genetic characteristics of patients, when used in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, can help deal with drug resistance problems and lead to better outcomes for patients (Bookman, 2016; Huang et al., 2023). Gene expression analysis can identify patients who may be resistant to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, so that other targeted drugs can be used earlier before and after chemotherapy (Dressman et al., 2007). The planning method of the medication sequence is continuously being improved. After the completion of the initial chemotherapy, subsequent maintenance treatment with PARP inhibitors or anti-angiogenic drugs can prolong the duration during which the patient's condition is stable and does not deteriorate (Kuroki and Guntupalli, 2020). As for which specific drug to choose and when to start the medication, it needs to be determined based on the patient's genetic characteristics and molecular markers, so as to ensure that the treatment plan received by the patient can not only exert the maximum therapeutic effect according to the characteristics of their own tumor, but also minimize side effects to the greatest extent (Huang et al., 2023).
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