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Entomotoxic Effect of Cheese Wood against Cowpea Bruchid,
Callosobruchus maculatus
(Fab.)
13
Table 1 Mortality of adult
C. maculatus
in cowpea seeds treated with 0.3 v/w
A. boonei
extracts as contact insecticide obtained by
Kneading method
Mortality % + SE mean after
Extract of
A. boonei
1 day
2 day
3 day
4 day
Leaf
60.00+4.08c
72.50+7.50c
90.00+4.08c
100.00+0.00b
Stem bark
75.00+2.89d
95.00+2.89d
100.00+0.00c
100.00+0.00b
Root
40.00+4.08b
52.50+7.50b
62.50+7.50b
87.50+2.50b
Untreated
0.00+0.00a
0.00+0.00a
0.00+0.00a
0.00+0.00a
Note: Each value is a mean + standard error of four replicates; Means followed by the same letter along the column are not
significantly different (P>0.05) using New Duncan Multiple Range Test
Table 2 Mortality of adult
C. maculatus
in cowpea seeds treated with 0.3 v/w extract of
A. boonei
obtained by Kneading method after
30, 60 and 90 days post-treatment
Mean % mortality ± S.E. in Days
0.3 v/w extract of
A. boonei
30
60
90
Leaf
57.50±2.50c
47.50±2.50c
35.00±2.89b
Stem bark
70.00±4.08c
60.00±4.08c
42.50±7.50b
Root
37.50±2.50b
30.00±4.08b
25.00±2.89b
Control
0.00±0.00a
0.00±0.00a
0.00±0.00a
Note: Each value is a mean + standard error of four replicates; Means followed by the same letter along the column are not
significantly different (P>0.05) using New Duncan Multiple Range Test
Table 3 Oviposition, adult emergence and reduction in progeny development (IR) of adult
C. maculatus
in cowpea seeds treated with
0.3 v/w extract of
A. boonei
obtained by Kneading method
0.3 v/w extract of
A. boonei
Mean number of eggs laid
% adult emergence
% IR
Leaf
10.00±0.91a
10.00±0.91b
98.57±1.19b
Stem bark
7.25±1.70a
0.00±0.00a
100.00±0.00b
Root
12.75±0.85a
37.38±1.33c
95.71±0.83b
Control
80.25±4.23b
87.72±0.79d
0.00±0.00a
Note: Each value is a mean + standard error of four replicates; Means followed by the same letter along the column are not
significantly different (P>0.05) using New Duncan Multiple Range Test
bruchid and 100% reduction in progeny development
of adult
C maculatus
(Table 4). Generally, the number
of eggs laid, % adult emergence and reduction in
progeny development of adult
C. maculatus
increases
with increase in storage periods but significantly
different (P<0.05) from untreated cowpea seeds
(Tables 4).
Percentage seeds damaged, weigh loss and Beetle
Perforation Index caused by
C. maculatus
in cowpea
seeds treated with leaf, stem bark and root extracts of
A. boonei
obtained by Kneading method were shows
in Tables 5 and 6. There was neither seed damage
nor weight loss recorded in the cowpea seeds treated
with stem bark extract and BPI was zero after 4 days
of application
.
The BPI of 1.42 was obtained on seeds
treated with
A. boonei
leaf extract. However, these
values were not significantly different from BPI of the
treated cowpea seeds with root extract after 4 days of
application but significantly different (P<0.05) from
untreated (Table 5).
At 30 days of post treatment, stem bark extract
completely protected the seeds from being damaged
by
C. maculatus
at the concentration tested. There was
neither seed damage nor weight loss recorded in the
cowpea seeds treated with stem bark extract and BPI
was zero for the concentration tested after 30 days of
application (Table 6)
.
At 60 days of post treatment,
stem bark extract completely protected the seeds from
being damaged by cowpea bruchid,
C. maculatus
.
Generally, % seeds damaged, % weight loss and
Beetle Perforation Index by adult
C. maculatus
increases with increase in storage periods (Table 6).
As a result of the feeding activity of
C. maculatus
larvae on the cowpea seeds, the % seeds damaged, %