Basic HTML Version
Molecular Entomology
6
6
Table 3 Comparing sex ratio, fecundity, fertility of
C. carnea
on diets
Diets
Sex ratio(F:M)
Fecundity(egg/female/day) ±SE
Fertility rate (fertile egg/day) (%)
A. kuehniella
egg
1.08
ns
13.17±0.31
b
0.92
Artificial diet
0.92
ns
5.76±0.24
c
0.63
Semi artificial diet
1.27
ns
15.67±0.32
a
0.81
Note: Different letters in column indicate values have significant difference (ANOVA. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test,
p
= 0.01) (
ns
=
non-significant difference at level 0.01)
egg yolk) as 13.84±0.20 and 6.33±0.40 (d), respectively.
Also, present results of immature stages durations
(egg, larvae and pupa) on factitious prey (flour moth
eggs) are similar to the results of Uddin et al., (2005)
on (Prepupae of alfalfa leaf cutting bee,
M. rotundata
)
(4, 10.9±0.1 and 9.08±0.1 d), and Iqbal Nawaz Khan
et al., (2005) on (eggs of
S. cerealella
) (larval period
11.64± 0.22 d and pupal period 8.48 ± 0.38 d). The
mean duration of 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
larval instars of
3.87±0.31, 4.06±0.4 and 4.36±0.28 (d), respectively,
recorded for the flour moth eggs fed larvae of
C.
carnea
are the same as results by Iqbal Nawaz Khan et
al., (2005) estimated 4.48 ± 0.17, 2.96 ± 0.3 and 4.20 ±
0.25 (d), respectively for the mention instars of larvae
fed on eggs of
S. cerealella
, results of mean duration of
1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
larval instars is not similar to other work
like Nasreen et al., (2004) (1.5-2, 2.83-4.83 and
6.33-7.83 d, respectively) which may related to egg of
different moth species which is used in experiments.
3.2 Immature mortality
Syed et al., (2008) evaluated larval and pupal
mortality of
C. carnea
on egg of
S. cerealella
(1
st
=0,
2
nd
=5, 3
rd
=5 and pupal=10%), Sattar et al., (2007)
reported when predator fed on two artificial diets the
results were as followed LD= 14.25,65 (%) and
PD=17.33, 74.9 (%) as similar as present studies. Lee
and Lee (2005) reported immature mortality of
C.
pallens
on artificial diet (1
st
=0.6, 2
nd
=0, 3
rd
=0.4 and
pupal= 11%) differs from our finding on semi artificial
diet which is related to different composition of
artificial diets and predator’s species. Artificial diet
was used in Lee et al., (2005) as similar as present
semi artificial diet but it is contained of some common
Antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) which may
affect in predator’s development.
3.3 Larval and pupal weights
Because experiments on this mentioned parameter of
C.
carnea
have not been investigated, we cited to similar
experiments but we do it on other species of
green-lacewing and moth eggs. Nasreen et al., (2004)
reported that larval predator’s weight when fed on
S.
cerealella
eggs was 4.2 to 8.4 (mgr.), Sattar et al.,
(2010) estimated that pupal predator’s weight was 8.1
and 8.2 (mgr.) on
S. cerealella
eggs and kind of
artificial diet (DMRT
®
), respectively, and Tavares et
al., (2011) evaluated that larvae’s weight of
C. externa
(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on
A. kuehniella
eggs was
1.74±0.03 to 5.06±0.1 (mgr.) the same as our results.
3.4 Pre-oviposition period
Atlihan et al., (2004) studied that this period on
different prey densities of
S. cerealella
eggs was
6.7±0.58 to 8.2±0.37 (d), Nawaz et al., (2008)
recorded that the pre-oviposition period on control
artificial diet treatment (Honey, water and yeast ) was
6.08 (d) that is very close to our result. But Sattar et
al., (2010) showed different results such as (3.25±0.16
to 4.9±0.14 d) (2.37±018 d) (3.12±0.22 to 3.37±0.18 d)
because of different level of protein's concentration in
their artificial diet, rearing on
S. cerealella
eggs, and
at 24-32
0
C, respectively.
3.5 Fecundity and fertility
Hagen (1950) showed that the fecundity rate of
C.
carnea
which fed on a protein free diet will be very
low which we found it in our results when fed on
artificial diet too. According to Sundby (1958) who
reported the average number of egg per female and
hatching rate of predator on synthetic artificial diet
were 473±87.3 (no. of eggs) and 67 (%) which is very
close to present result (470.25±9.33 No. egg/female
and 81%). Pappas et al., (2007) evaluated egg
hatchability of
D. prasina
reared on eggs of
A.
kuehniella
at five constant temperatures and a
photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) as 75.6±2.8 to 87.3±2.5 %
which was similar to present result. It shows that the
similarity is because of the same nutritional value
Molecular Entomology