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Study of Diets Efficiency on Biological Parameters of
Chrysoperla carnea
for Mass Rearing
7
between two studies, which these materials are as
follow: honey, yeast, ascorbic acid, cholesterol and
protein resources. Nawaz et al., (2008) reported that
the fecundity per female on artificial diet (vitamin E,
water, honey and yeast) is 180.49 (no. of eggs) which
is far from our result (150.5±4.02 no. of eggs). It
seems that this difference is related to the higher
amount of the vitamin E in previous study than in
present finding. Also results of the process of
oviposition in Uddin et al., (2005) when
C. carnea
was reared on flour moth eggs were similar to present
research (The peak of oviposition observed in Uddin
et al., (2005) during 9-12 days and the end of it was at
20-25 days). So, based upon present experiments, the
semi artificial diet showed the best result for the
highest oviposition rate of female in comparison to the
other diets under the same laboratory conditions. Semi
artificial diet consists of components and each
component has the promoting effect on fecundity. As
reported by Hill (1989), sugar is the most important
component in diet formula for the insects that has
pronounced effect on the egg production. Similarly,
McEwen and Kidd (1995) had recommended yeast
and sugar for maximum egg production. Honey is also
a very important component regarding fecundity.
McEven and Kidd (1995) and Kubota and Shiga
(1995) analyzed that a mixture of honey and
autolysate yeast is a suitable diet for production of
fertile eggs. Last but not the least component is yolk
that is the most important one. Milevoj (1999) reared
adults of
C. carnea
on adult diet consisting of milk,
eggs, fruit sugar and yeast and found a favorable
effect on fecundity. In addition, higher fecundity was
observed in semi artificial diet because it is loaded by
different proteins (amino acids) (Norioka et al.,
1984).Vitamin A, Niacin, Riboflavin (B12),
Pantothenic acid, Thiamin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid,
Vitamin E and D are present in large quantities of egg
yolk powder in semi artificial diet. Similarly Folic
acid, which is particularly more important for egg
productions, is much higher in Hen’s yolk powder
of semi artificial diet. Egg yolk powder in semi
artificial diet, also has high amounts of saturated, mono
unsaturated, polyunsaturated oils and lipids for egg
production. It makes a lot of cholesterol level (1075
mg per 100 g) in semi artificial diet too (Rolfes et al.,
1978). Thus we used all these components in our semi
artificial diet formula and get similar results in the
highest fecundity rate of females. In addition, because
of abundant caloric value (303 calories per 100 g) in
semi artificial diet, predator can provide essential
energy for completing life duration in a short time.
3.6 Sex ratio
Iqbal Nawaz Khan et al., (2005) demonstrated that the
sex ratio of new born adults when their larvae fed on
egg of
S. cerealella
was 56%, which is close to our
result (52%). He suggested that food did not affect the
sex ratio. Uddin et al., (2005) and Zheng et al., (1993a)
obtained that 52% of emerged adults are females. All
mentioned results justify present finding.
4 Conclusion
Finally, according to our results, the semi artificial diet
is the best diet for mass rearing in comparison to the
other diets, because of low incubation, larval and
pupal periods which cause a complete short life cycle,
high fecundity and fertility and producing a quantity
of eggs which establish an strong colony in insectariums.
Acknowledgment
We are most grateful to Dr. Gh.Golmohammadi, Dr.
Katy.Kheradmand and Dr. H. Ghajarie Najarbashi for
supporting this research.
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