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Molecular Entomology
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Table 1 Immature duration (Day) (Mean ± SD) of
C. carnea
reared on three diets under laboratory conditions
Larvae duration stage (Day)
Diets
Incubation period
1
st
2
nd
3
rd
Total
Pupal stage (Day)
A. kuehniella
3.8±0.31
ns
3.87±0.31
b
4.06±0.4
b
4.36±0.28
b
12.29±0.29
b
8.14±0.14
ns
Artificial diet
4.04±0.22
ns
6.22±0.3
a
8.5±0.16
a
5.3±0.35
a
20.02±0.81
a
8.9±0.32
ns
Semi artificial diet 3.7±0.45
ns
3.09±0.18
b
3.3±0.3
b
3.67±0.3
b
10.07±0.3
b
7.15±0.34
ns
Note: Different letters in column indicate values are significantly different (ANOVA. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test,
p
=0.01) (
ns
=
non-significant difference at level 0.01)
observed in 2
nd
instars which was reared on artificial
diet. Also, the incubation period of eggs showed no
significant difference between diets (Table 1).
Duration of immature stages related to feeding of
different diets is shown in Table1. The lowest amount
of total larval duration observed on semi artificial diet
(10.07±0.3 d) and
A. kuehniella
eggs (12.29±0.29 d)
while the artificial diet showed the longest immature
duration time (20.02±0.81 d). The same pattern were
observed on the developmental times (T) which the
parameter are calculated by (Carey, 1993), shown in
Figure 1.
The important point is that papal duration showed no
significant difference with other treatments on artificial
Figure 1 Developmental times (T) of
C. carnea
on different diets
Note: Different letters indicate significant differences at level of 0.01
diet. The main reason was pupal mortality at early
pupal stage which caused to decrease total mean
duration (Table1 and Table 2).
2.2 Mortality percentage of larvae and pupae
The percentage mortality and Transformed percentage
at larval and pupal stages showed in Table 2. The
highest mortality percentage 42 and 38 (%) were
observed in artificial diet, while in rest of others it was
similar. But significant difference between diets
displayed by Transformed percentage. The results of
one-way ANOVA at larval and pupal stages were
P
value = 0.0436, F=4.371 and
P
value = 0.0003, F= 4.366.
2.3 Larval and pupa weight
The weight of larvae (4-days-old) and pupae were
influenced significantly by the quantities of different
diets. It showed significant differences (
p
<0.01)
between stages and diets. Max weights of larvae
3.68±0.15 (mgr.) and pupae, 9.46±0.16 (mgr.) were
belonged to semi artificial diet (Figure 2).
2.4 Pre-oviposition period
In this study, our result showed overlapping between
flour moth eggs and semi artificial diet that exhibited
the same pre-oviposition period (4.43±0.65 and
4.37±0.55 d) (Figure 3). The adult oviposition process
showed similar process to factitious prey (flour moth
eggs) and semi artificial diet in this study in comparison
Table 2 Percentage mortality (%) and (Transformed mean ± SE) of
C. carnea
reared on three diets under laboratory conditions
Value
A. kuehniella
Artificial diet
Semi artificial diet
Percentage (%)
10
42
4
Larvae Mortality
mean ± SE
0.32± 0.1
a
0.71±0.18
a
0.2±0.08
b
Percentage (%)
11
38
1
Pupal Mortality
mean ± SE
0.32±0.09
a
0.66±0.21
a
0.1±0.05
b
Note: Different letters in rows indicate values are significantly different (ANOVA. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test,
p
=0.05) (N=10)
Molecular Entomology