Basic HTML Version
Study of Diets Efficiency on Biological Parameters of
Chrysoperla carnea
for Mass Rearing
3
transferred to experimental dishes as colony sources.
New-born larvae moved to petri-dishes separately, and
fed by different diets daily.
1.2 Rearing of flour moth
Wheat flour was firstly freezed at -20
℃
for five
days to kill eggs or larvae of other pests. Then, this
sterile flour put on packages and covered with mesh
layer for air ventilation. 24-h-old males and females
moth were transferred form a source (Iranian
Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran-IRAN),
and released to flour packages until 24 h to establish
the new colonies and removed. New emerged adults
were captured by electrical aspirator and transferred
into plastically funnel which its lower part covered
by mesh layer. The females pushed ovipositors
through the opening layer and laid their eggs. Eggs
were been collected from a paper below mesh layer
by soft brush daily to freeze until applying in the
experiments.
1.3 Preparing artificial and semi artificial diets
Artificial diet was a mixture of honey, yeast, and
water (in proportion to 1, 1, 2) and semi artificial diet
was a mixture of honey, essential amino acid, yolk egg
powder, extracting of flour moth’s body, A, D, E and
B vitamin groups, yeast, and water (10%, 5%,15%,
10%, 2.5%, 10% and 47.5%).
1.4 Releasing larval predator
Newborn larvae of
C. carnea
were separately released
in different petri-dishes (7.5×1.5 cm) enclosed of
treatments (freezed egg of flour moth, small drops of
artificial and semi artificial diets) (N=4). All diets
replaced with fresh ones daily.
1.5 Estimating biological parameters
One hundred
C. carnea
eggs collected from 30 pairs
of adults (24-h-old). They kept in two plastic
petri-dishes (covered with fine muslin cloth for air
ventilation) until hatching. A piece of filter paper was
been placed at the bottom of the petri-dishes and a few
drops of water were added to maintain necessary
humidity. Dishes kept in an Incubator. All data
enclosed the number of hatched eggs and their
incubation period; 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
larval instars and
pupal duration times; and the percentage of immature
mortality calculated carefully each 8 (h) until the
appearance of new generation. Different larval
instars were distinguished by residue of exuviate.
4-days-old larvae put in refrigerator at 4
℃
for 20
min to be completely immobile and then weighted.
Female and male were been distinguished by their
genital organs at the end of pupal stage for evaluating
the new generation sex ratio. In addition, mean
generation time (T) [(∑
xlxmx
)/
R
0
; the sum of
development time from the egg stage to half of the
life expectation of females after sexual maturation]
which is one of important biological parameters,
calculated by Carey (1993).
1.6 Laboratory incubator
The incubator (RI28 Shellab, 30.8 Cubic.Ft) provided
uniform temperature in this large space by integrating a
highly responsive microprocessor with an appropriately
sized heating element. An independent secondary
temperature controller offers the added security of
over temperature protection. The air circulation
system creates a one-pass circulation pattern that
provides both exceptional temperature uniformity and
rapid heat recovery.
1.7 Statistical analysis
One way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc
test was used to compare biological traits on different
diets. Significant differences were considered at the
level of 1% (
p
<0.01). All data analyzed by SAS
version 9.1, (SAS Institute Inc., 2002) software.
Because mortality data was percentage value, were
using arcsine transforming (Arcsin√x). After Normal
distribution and mortality data analyzed using of
Variance with ANOVA and checked by Tukey’s test
in SPSS Software at completely randomized design
of treatments (ten replicates in each treatment)
(SPSS Inc, 1993).
2 Results
2.1 The developmental times
The length of 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
larval instars was
significantly different among different diets (Table 1).
The minimum larval duration (3.09±0.18 d) was
belonged to 1
st
instars which were reared on semi
artificial diet and the maximum one (8.5±0.16 d) was
Molecular Entomology