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unfavorable because animals reduce their activities.
However, in dry season some activities (agriculture,
fishing) can be reconciled to hunt.
Besides, a no significantly relation (p=0.051) has been
recovered between the motive of hunt and the hunter's
age (Table 2). These data reinforce the previous
observations, relative to the over frequency of the less
than 46 years. Concerning modes of acquirement of
hunt facilities the purchase concerned 88.5% of
hunters (p<0.001). The origin seems multi factorial:
local manufacture; bequests and grants; detention of
war weapons after the armed conflicts of 1997
-
1998.
However, the first two factors seem prominent, had
consideration to us and customs in this region
(
country vili tribe). These observations cut up the fact
that the permanent residents are most numerous
(
p=0.003) to buy facilities of hunt. Our investigation
also revealed that hunt to the rifle was exercised by 3
hunters on five (56.6%; p<0.05). This report is
formerly in concordance with the advanced arguments.
These data are comparable those rose in other
countries of sub-Saharan black Africa, even though
the type of rifle is varied. To Nigeria one uses rifles of
bill traditionally to charge by the cannon, made there;
and one resorts to dogs and fire to raise the game
(
Afolayan, 1980; Molade, 2000). Thus, the production
of the bush meat is activated by the detention of a
personal hunt weapon, and the professional hunter
organization in association with many young hunters
to full or half-time. However, Asibey (1974) observed
that in West Africa facilities of hunt had evolved of
the simple trap, bows and arrows to rifles and often to
the automatic fire arms. The introduction of the
Danish rifles and carbines appears as the result of the
urbanization corresponding to a big necessity to
protect themselves of the wild animals (Moutsamboté
and Sita, 1996). These rifles are use by the professional
hunter. In West Africa, in many countries, a hunter
who kills a buffalo with a Danish rifle is raised
besides, to the rank of the hierarchy of hunters of his
community, because of the big risk incurred to hunt an
aggressive animal with a weapon semi primitive
(
Moutsamboté and Sita, 1996). Otherwise, hunters
making use of the rifle operate alone, but often with
an aide's aid or in group. They normally leave their
house the morning for an expedition of one day and
come back in the evening. In the case where hunt is
done in group it is practiced in a seasonal way.
Otherwise, hunt, by means of fires of bush, was done,
to capture rats. However, hunt can be exercised by an
alone hunter. When hunt takes place close to a
neighboring village, villagers run, associate to hunters
and enlarge the group; and the game either captured
dejected is shared collectively. In this case, according
to us and customs, a part of meat is offered to the
chief of the village (especially in cases of the sacred
soils). In short, it seems existed hunters at the level
investigated a certain conflict between hunters to the
rifle and trappers that confess mutually to destroy
fauna. In fact, their impact is complementary, and
their responsibility in the rarefaction of the equivalent
game. Hunt to the rifle is little selective; however,
hunters don't respect any rule to prevent the
slaughtering of the young animals, the pregnant
female and the female with their babies when they can
recognize them. As for traps they are not selective:
they permit the capture of all terrestrial species inside
a large fan of weight whose limit depends on the technical
features of traps (Feer and Makosso-Vheiye, 1991). The
abandonment of traditions and the territoriality of
forests at the level communities’ villagers, the
rarefaction of the game and the pressure exercised by
the commercial hunt shock the context customary of the
management of the wild fauna deeply.
3
Conclusion
Hunt, within the Conkouati-Douli National Park, is an
essentially masculine activity. It constitutes a source
important of food, notably, of animal proteins.
However, the production of the bush meat, principal
fashion of fauna use, exploits the fauna potential
locally. Conversely, the traditional hunt exercised to
small scale can only have a weak impact on the wild
fauna if one excludes some convenient as beats to
fires. Hunters to the rifle cut down all animals that
they meet without distinction of age and sex, traps are
no selective. Otherwise, the diversity of hunt practices
contributes to the overexploitation of the wild fauna,
therefore to rarity and/or to the certain specie disappearance.