Intl. J. of Molecular Zoology, 2012, Vol.2, No.7, 55
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57
acquired it by domestic inheritance or by renting by a
third. Nevertheless, highly meaningful relation
(
p=0.003) exists between the time of residence in the
village and the fashion of facilities acquirement:
hunters in permanent residence were more minded to
the purchase of facilities. Hunt was practiced in 59.6%
of cases with the help of a rifle. The net was rarely
used (3.8% of cases). The trapping, 29.6% of cases,
often used the destructive wire-ropes, without
distinction of the terrestrial fauna. The link between
the matrimonial statute and the type of hunt exercised
proved to be non meaningful (p=0.2). Hunt by the
fires of bush only represented 7.0% of cases.
2
Discussion
Concerning the sex of hunters our results
corroborate with observations of the other countries
in Africa, notably of the West Africa. Hunt is
essentially a masculine activity. But women and
children also play an important role in the withdrawal
of wild fauna resources to nourish the family. To the
Southeast of Gabon they put traps to capture small
mammals and birds on the outskirts of plantations
(
Levy and Lemeshow, 1999). Those also, the Mbutis
tribes (forest of the Ituri), Ngandu and Boyela
(
Kwango-Kwilu), in Democratic Republic of Congo,
take as in the same way rodents with the traps. In West
Africa, the harvest of snails is essentially the fact of
women and children (Moutsamboté and Sita, 1996).
However, a fact is true; in sub
-
Saharan black Africa,
women don't reach this type of activity. In the range of
activities counted at these last one recovers in majority
agriculture in fields to surroundings of villages and
the micro trades of the derivative products. Besides, in
a region as the one of the district of Nzambi, the
proximity of the important market of consumption that
represents the agglomeration of Pointe-Noire,
make agriculture become speculative, in spite of
depredations of elephants, a factor of development of
the farming zone. Thus, women are the economic
suppliers, competing with the role of men in families.
These observations join those of Bosserup (1983) and
Kane (Lahm, 1993) in West Africa. As for the age of
hunters, it appears that the average of age is of 48 years old, 2
years old, with a more elevated representativeness of 18
to 35 years old (42.3%; p>0.05) (table 1).
Table 1 Distribution of hunters and place of the hunting to the Conkouati-Douli National Park
Effective
n (Percentage)
Main activity
n (Percentage)
Activity of subsistence
n (Percentage)
Secondary activity
n (Percentage)
Nsp
n (Percentage)
<18years old
-
0
0
13 (59.1%)
9 (40.9%)
18
to 35years old
22 (42.3%)
0
3 (16.7
%
)
13 (72.2%)
2 (11.1%)
36
to 53years old
18 (34.6%)
1 (100
%
)
0
7 (58.3%)
4 (33.3%)
>53years old
12 (23.1%)
-
-
-
-
Total
52 (100%)
1 (1.9
%
)
3 (5.8
%
)
33 (63.5%)
15 (28.8%)
Note: Nsp = no specify
However, according to Molade (2000), strength and
the experience of hunt specifically vary with the
hunter's youth of which cleverness transmute between
16
and 50 years old. The strongest rate raised at the
young of this age group can be assigned to the
commercial aspect, hardback factor to teenage and
young adult behaviors. Indeed, these topics give out
attitudes of autonomy more than that the other, to the
plan of the legitimacy discerned (Augustini et al., 1994).
All along their life of teenager or young adult, they
internalize norms, of roles, of customs written down
in a complex process of social differentiation,
progressively. This social role acquirement comes true
without the influence of reference groups (parents,
equals) or of institutions. This socialization achieves
itself notably by the slant of training process, by backing
and/or inhibition of uses, depending on whether they are
judged suitable or no. Hunt appears from then on like
a social activity among others, submissive to the same
rules of working. Thus, the less than 35 years old and
the other are not confronted in an identical way to
demands of the market concerning bush meat.
Our data also underline that it is topics having less
than 11 people that is most numerous (90.4%;
p<0.001). The concerned age groups can be therefore
that those of less than 35 years old and 35 to 45 years
old. The sexual behavior is reinforced there generally