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王有国等
, 2011,
兰科植物花色形成与变异分子机理
,
分子植物育种
Vol.9 No.80 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.cn.2011.09.0080)
1587
同时，课题组在研究中也发现，多数兰科植物
缺乏红色、蓝色和紫色。兰花缺乏红色系和紫色系
是结构基因和转录因子共同作用的结果。前人的研
究表明，瞬间表达花青素苷生物合成途径的转录因
子，能够促进兰花花色改变而产生红色
(Griesbach
and Klein, 1993; Chiou and Yeh, 2008; Ma and Pooler,
2009; Albert et al., 2010)
，而且在模式作物上的研究
也表明，超表达花青素苷转录因子不但能够改变植
物花色
(Lloyd et al., 1992)
，而且能够改变营养器官
如叶片的颜色
(Golesbrough et al., 1996; Elomaa et
al., 2003; Ray et al., 2003)
。因此，超表达花青素苷
转录因子是兰花花色育种的有效途径之一。
近年兰科植物的离体培养
(Chugh et al., 2009)
和遗传转化均取得较大进展，但依然落后于其他草
本植物，多数研究仍集中于转化体系建立
(Zhang et
al., 2010; Shrestha et al., 2007; Semiarti et al., 2010;
Sjahail and Mii, 2006)
。壳聚糖
(chitosan)
能够促进石
斛兰属原球茎
(protocorn-like body)
的增殖、芽分化
和幼苗发育
(Pornpienpakdee et al., 2010)
，而且能够
促进其种子萌发
(Kananont et al., 2010)
。最新研究发
现，蝴蝶兰原球茎在添加番茄提取物的培养基上预
培养，能够促进抗性芽的再生，转化频率高达
10%~14% (Semiarti et al., 2011)
。这些研究为兰花花
色分子育种，特别是培育红色、蓝色和紫色兰花提
供了可能。
作者贡献
王有国和张广辉完成文献检索和初稿的写
作，孙慧晶和郭红参与了论文的写作和修改。李枝
林审阅了全文。全体都阅读并同意最终的文本。
致谢
本研究工作得到云南省科技厅重点产业创新
工程项目
(
项目编号
: 2009BB013)
和云南教育厅科
学研究基金
(
项目编号
: 09Y0195)
资助。
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