Molecular Plant Breeding 2015, Vol.6, No.13, 1
-
4
1
A Letter
Open
Access
Screening of Rice Germplasm Against Blast Disease Under Temperate Conditions
ABSTRACT
Dar S.H.
1
, Rather A.G.
1
, Najeeb S.
2
, Ashraf Ahangar M.
2
1. Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190025 India.
2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops Khudwani, Anantnag, SKUAST-Kashmir
Corresponding
authors
email:
Molecular
Plant
Breeding,
2015,
Vol.6,
No.13
doi:
10.5376/mpb.2015.06.0013
Received:
07
Jun.,
2015
Accepted:
15
Jul.,
2015
Published:
4
Aug.,
2015
Copyright
© 2015 Dar et al., This
is
an
open
access
article
published
under
the
terms
of
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits
unrestricted
use,
distribution,
and
reproduction
in
any
medium,
provided
the
original
work
is
properly
cited.
Preferred
citation
for
this
article:
Dar S.H., Rather A.G., Najeeb S and Ashraf Ahangar M., 2015,
Screening of Rice Germplasm Against Blast Disease Under Temperate Conditions
ABSTRACT,
Molecular
Plant
Breeding,
6(13)
1
-
4 (doi:
Abstract
Rice is the world’s most important food crop as it provides nutrition to the two third of its population. The improvement
in yield of this crop is challenged by several biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic stresses rice blast is a serious production
constraint for rice under Kashmir conditions. Keeping in view a disease screening field trial of rice germplasm consisting of 9 parents,
27 crosses and one local check was established during the kharif, 2012 at two sites in Kashmir (India) to determine resistance
intensity in rice germplasm against
Pyricularia grisea
, the cause of rice blast disease. Screening was done under natural epiphytotic
conditions and the results revealed that none of the test lines was immune or highly resistant. Four crosses namely K-08-60 x
IR-68888A, K-08-61 x SKAU-11A, K-08-61 x IR-68888A, PS-5 x SKAU-11A and one parent PS-5 were found to be resistant.
Seven hybrids and four parents displayed moderately resistant response. Three crosses and equal number of parents were found to be
moderately susceptible. Rest of the crosses and parents showed susceptible to highly susceptible response. Genotypes performed
almost equally at both of these locations with respect to their disease intensity. All the resistant and moderately resistant crosses and
parents can be utilized as a source of resistance for developing blast resistant cultivars especially for temperate ecologies.
Keywords
Rice blast; Screening;
Pyricularia grisea
; Resistant; Susceptible
1 Background
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) is a major cereal crop and
staple food of Kashmir (India). The demand of rice
continues to rise because of increase in population and
improvement in living standards. Based on population
projections from the United Nations and income
projections from the Food and Agricultural Policy
Research Institute (FAPRI), global rice demand is
expected to rise from 439 million tons (milled rice) in
2010 to 496 million tons in 2020, to 555 million tons
in 2035. Asian rice consumption is projected to
account for 67% of the total increase, rising from 388
million tons in 2010 to 465 million tons in 2035
despite a continuing decline in per capita consumption
in China and India (IRRI, 2012). Keeping in view the
projected increase in demand of this crop yield has to
increase many folds.
In Jammu & Kashmir rice is cultivated on an area of
0.25 m ha with a total production and productivity of
0.56 million tons and 2.24 tons ha
-1
, respectively
(Anonymous, 2010-2011). This data shows that the
yield of rice in Kashmir is very low and this low
production is attributed to several biotic and abiotic
factors (Sanghera et al
.
, 2011). Among the biotic
factor diseases are the most important factor which
results in severe crop losses. Rice blast is a major
challenge than all other diseases under Kashmir
conditions. Among all rice blast caused by
Pyricularia
grisea
Sacc [Telipomorph
Magnoporthe grisea
(Hebart)
Brarr] is one of the important factors for low productivity
of rice in the valley. It causes 5-70 per cent yield loss
depending upon the stage of the crop infected and
severity of the disease (Dubey, 1995). Rice blast
epidemics are often more severe in temperate and
subtropical ecosystems. This disease has caused
significant yield losses in many rice growing countries
e.g.
75% losses of grains in India (Padmanabhan,
1965), 50% loss in Philippines (Awodera and Esuruoso,
1975) and 40% loss in Nigeria (Ou, 1985). The disease
can be managed by the use of fungicides, resistant
cultivars, agronomic practices and biotechnological
methods (Ribot et al.,
2008, Bhat et al., 2013). However,
the use of resistant cultivars is the most economical
and environment friendly method for the management
of rice blast (Castano et al.,
1990; Saifullah et al.,
