International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.53: 1-6
4
Figure 3 Antibacterial Test Results methanol extract against
S.
aureus
bacteria at 48 hours observation (A.
H. opuntia
, B
H.gracillis
, C.
H.renschi
and D.
H macrophysa
)
Figure 4 Results of Antibacterial Test Methanol Extracts of the
bacteria B. subtilis at 48 hours observation (A.
H.opuntia
, B.
H.gracillis
, C.
H.renschi
and D.
H macrophysa
)
with diameter of 12 mm, then
H.renschi
with 11 mm
and
H. gracillis
with a diameter of 10 mm. While the
lowest seaweed extract is
H. macrophysa
with a
diameter of only 3 mm. The pattern of growth can be
seen in Figure 5.
These results indicate that the aforementioned
extraction have a fairly good inhibitory to the growth
of pathogenic bacteria such as
S. typhi, S.aureus,
B.subtilis, E.coli
bacteria. Anti-bacterial activity
demonstrated in this study is active. The types of
extracts based on test results of the highest
H.opuntia
active are in
E. coli
bacteria, the highest
H. gracillis
extract in S. aureus, the highest
H. macrophysa
extract
in
E.coli
bacteria. While the highest extract of this
type of
H.renschi
is in
B. subtilis
bacteria (Figure 6).
In addition each extract has anti-bacterial capabilities
that varies depending on the type of extracts and
bacterial strains. This means that the zone of
inhibition showed antimicrobial activity against
pathogens bacteria is varied. The ability of
Halimeda
sp extract to inhibits the growth of bacteria is also
influenced by the test bacterial cell wall. (Fardiaz,
1983) states that the positive and gram-negative
bacteria have different cell wall sensitivity against
Figure 5 Results of Antibacterial Test Methanol Extracts
against bacteria S. Typhi in observation 48 hours (A.
H.opuntia
,
B
H.gracillis
, C.
H.renschi
and D.
H.macrophysa
)
Figure 6
Halimeda
sp extract inhibiting activity against
pathogenic bacteria growth activity
physical treatment, enzymes and antibodies (Atmadja,
1992; Izzati, 2007; Shanab, 2007).
Discussion
The bacteria used in this study is a gram-negative and
gram-positive, was able to be inhibited by the extract
of
Halimeda
sp.Gram negative bacteria have a better
resistance to anti-microbial compounds compared
with gram-positive. (Branen and Davidson, 1983)
states that gram-negative bacteria have a selection
system against foreign substances at the lipopolysa-
ccharide layer (Davidson et al., 2005). While (Pelczar
and Chan. 1986) states positive gram bacterial cell
wall structure is relatively simpler making it easier for
antimicrobial compounds to enter the cell and find a
target to work. The structure of the cell wall of
gram-negative bacteria are relatively more complex,
triple layers namely the outer layer in the form of
lipoproteins, the middle layer in the form of
lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan layer.
