International Journal of Horticulture 2015, Vol.5, No.9, 1
-
8
3
village which its altitude is more than 900 m above the
sea, this height cause a very cold winter and a cool
summer. The climate is wet and rainy for about eight
months in a year, the rainfall average is about 1500-
2000 mm in the year, the average of maximum
temperature is about 22ْ c, the average of minimum
temperature is about 10ْ c, the average of humidity is
about 74.68%.
the chemical analysis was done in the laboratories of
Agriculture college in Damascus university, Syria.
The experiment was laid out according to Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications
(three blocks), the data were analyzed using SPSS
program to find the differences between the means of
all the studied treatments, two way ANOVA was used
and least significant differences (LSD) at 0.05 level of
significances.
Treatments:
There were four treatments:
1. The control, without adding aluminum to the irrigation
water.
2. Adding aluminum to the irrigation water to the
concentration (50 mg/l).
3. Adding aluminum to the irrigation water to the
concentration (100 mg/l).
4. Adding aluminum to the irrigation water to the
concentration (150 mg/l).
The aluminum was supplied to the water irrigation in
two times, the first time was in the early spring (march),
and the second time was after four weeks from the
first time (Akira et al., 2004). It was used three
replications in every treatment and in every replication
there were six plants so in every treatment there were
eighteen pots of the plants one plant in every pot.
Every pot was irrigated with water until 90 % of the
field capacity, the media was peat moss and perlite
(2:1).
Investigated Traits
1 Chlorophyll a, b and Carotenoids content:
The
content of chlorophyll a, b and Carotenoids were measured
as following (Lichtenthaler, 1983):
Weigh 5 g of leaves and grind them for about three
replications for each treatment.
Add about 45 ml of acetone [Prepare 80% acetone by
adding 200 ml of distilled water to 800 ml of acetone.]
and put them in a tube after filtering them since spillage
will occur more frequently otherwise.
Place in dark(fluorescent lights will degrade chl-a, b)
and cold (4°C; a fridge).
After an extraction period of 8-24 h, measure chl-a
content in the extract using spectrophotometer instrument.
Calculate the chl-a, b and Carotenoids concentrations
in the water sample as following Equations (Porra, 2002):
Chlorophyll a (µg/ml) = 12.25 (A663.6)- 2.55 (A646.6)
Chlorophyll b (µg/ml) Chlorophyll - = 20.31 (A646.6)-
4.91 (A663.6)
Carotenoids (µg/ml) (1000A470- 3.27 (chl a) – 104
(chl b))/227
A
663.6
= Absorption at 663.6nm.
A
646.6
= Absorption at 646.6nm.
A
470
= Absorption at 470nm.
Anthocyanin content:
The anthocyanin content was
measured as following (Pharr et al., 2006):
Sepals from hydrangea cultivars were harvested at full
bloom, weigh about 1 g of sepals and they were torn at
least twice.
Add 7ml of 1% Hcl in methanol(it prepared by mixing
99 ml of methanol and 1 ml of Hcl).
The sepal-extract slurry was vigorously mixed on a
magnetic stirrer for about thirty minutes, after which
the sepals had lost essentially all their color and the
extract turned red-pink(independent of the initial color
of the sepals) then the extract was decanted.
Buffers at pH1 (0.025 M Kcl) and pH4.5(0.400 M
NaC
2
H
3
o
2
) were prepared and adjusted to be within ±
0.01 of the desired value (NH
4
OH was added to
increase the basicity of the buffer, or Hcl to increase the
acidity).
Exactly 2 ml of each buffer were pipette into separate
small beakers, followed by adding 4 ml of anthocyanin
extract to each beaker and the resulting extract-buffer
solutions were equilibrated 15 minutes, then filtered to
remove any particulates.
Spectra for both solution were obtained from 700 to
533 nm on a scanning spectrophotometer.
Calculate the absorption A as in the following equation:
A=(A533-A700)pH1-(A533-A700)pH4.5
Calculate the concentration of delphinidin-3-glucoside
in mg anthocyanin per g fresh sepals as following
equation:
(delphinidin-3-glucoside),mg/g
sepal=(A.M.DF.10000.v)/(ε. m)
A: Absorption
