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Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.11, 76-81
ISSN 1927-646X
http://jmr.sophiapublisher.com
77
Cassia sophera
L. (Caesalpiniaceae), a medicinal
plant commonly known as Kasaundi, is a shrub of 3 m
in height. It is glabrous and having compound leaves
with 8~12 paired acute and tapering leaflets; rachis
with single gland at the base. It has carymbose
racemes inflorescence with yellow flower. The plant is
found in most tropical countries. Respiratory disorders
medicines are prepared from root bark which is used
by ancient Indian physicians. It is widely used as folk
medicine for the treatment of many diseases like
resolvent, ulcer, asthma, purgative, digestive,
diaphoretic (Mostafa et al., 2007; Nagore et al., 2001;
Nagore, 2009). In ethno botanical literature, it is
mentioned to be effective in the treatment of
inflammation, liver damage, asthma, acute bronchitis,
cough, diabetes and convulsions of children (Nagore
et al., 2010; Suhael et al., 2008; Attiqur et al., 2008).
The purpose of present study was made to evaluate the
efficacy of crude and solvent extract of matured seed
coat of
C. sophera
against the larvae of filarial vector
Cx. quinquefasciatus
as well as some non-target
organisms. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was
also done to get some idea about the active principle.
1 Result
Present study revealed highest mortality at 1%
concentration of crude extract, tested against all larval
instars and significantly (p<0.05) higher than 0.6%,
0.7%, 0.8% and 0.9% at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of
exposures (Table 1). Results of three-way factorial
ANOVA were presented in Table 2. The result of
regression analysis of crude extract of seed coat
extract of
C. sophera
showed the positive correlation
between mortality and exposed concentration with a
regression coefficient value (R) values between 0.34
and 0.71. The result of probit analysis (Finney, 1982)
showed the lowest value of LC
50
and LC
90
at 72 hours
of exposure for the 1
st
instar larvae followed by 2
nd
,
3
rd
and 4
th
instar larvae (Table 3). The mortality of 1
st
,
2
nd
, 3
rd
and 4
th
instar larval forms with ethyl acetate is
presented in Table 4. The result of preliminary
qualitative phytochemical analysis of tested plant
crude extract revealed the presence of some secondary
metabolite which may be an active ingredient for
larvicidal activity (Table 5). There is no any adverse
effect on non target organism after 72 hours of
exposure of respective LC
50
values at 24 h.
Table 1 Mean larval mortality of larvae of
Cx. quinquefaciatus
mosquitoes at different concentration of crude extracts of seed coats
of
C.
sophera
(mean of three experiments)
Larval instar
Concentration (%)
Mean mortality(%) ± SE
24 h
48 h
72 h
0.6
10.33 ± 0.88
13.00 ± 0.58
15.66 ± 0.33
0.7
12.33 ± 0.33
16.66 ± 0.33
17.00 ± 0.58
0.8
17.66 ± 0.88
19.33 ± 0.33
20.00 ± 0.00
0.9
18.33 ± 0.88
20.00 ± 0.00
19.66 ± 0.33
1st
1
15.33 ± 0.33
19.33 ± 0.66
19.66 ± 0.33
0.6
8.00 ± 0.56
12.00 ± 0.58
13.66 ± 0.88
0.7
7.66 ± 0.33
13.66 ± 0.66
14.00 ± 0.58
0.8
9.33 ± 0.33
14.66 ± 0.33
15.66 ± 0.67
0.9
8.33 ± 0.88
14.67 ± 0.88
16.00 ± 0.58
2st
1
14.00 ± 0.58
15.33 ± 0.89
17.33 ± 0.89
0.6
6.00 ± 0.58
14.00 ± 1.00
16.00 ± 0.58
0.7
7.00 ± 1.00
11.66 ± 0.33
17.66 ± 0.33
0.8
8.00 ± 1.00
16.66 ± 0.66
18.33 ± 0.33
0.9
7.66 ± 0.66
15.66 ± 0.33
17.67 ± 0.33
3rd
1
9.66 ± 0.66
17.66 ± 0.33
19.33 ± 0.67
0.6
4.67 ± 0.33
11.33 ± 0.67
15.67 ± 0.33
0.7
8.00 ± 0.58
12.67 ± 0.67
16.33 ± 0.33
0.8
7.33 ± 0.33
8.67 ± 0.33
15.67 ± 0.33
0.9
7.67 ± 0.30
13.67 ± 0.89
16.00 ± 1.00
4th
1
8.33 ± 0.67
16.67 ± 0.89
18.67 ± 0.33