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Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.11, 76-81
ISSN 1927-646X
http://jmr.sophiapublisher.com
76
Research Report Open Access
Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of Seed Coat Extract of
Cassia
sophera
L.
Mousumi Kundu ; Anjali Rawani ; Goutam Chandra
Mosquito and microbiology Research Units, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Corresponding author email:
trmousumi_kundu@rediffmail.com;
Authors
Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.11 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2013.03.0011
Received: 11 Apr., 2013
Accepted: 18 Apr., 2013
Published: 21 Jun., 2013
Copyright
© 2013 Kundun et al. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Kundu et al., 2013, Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of Seed Coat Extract of
Cassia sophera
L., Journal of Mosquito Research, Vol.3, No.11 76-81
(doi: 10.5376/jmr.2013.03.0011)
Abstract
The objective of the present finding, to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of crude and ethyl acetate solvent extract
of matured seed coat of
Cassia sophera
L. against
Culex quinquefaciatus
Say. The lethal concentration was determined and the LC
50
(i.e. half of absolute lethal concentrations) value at 24 h for both crude and ethyl acetate extract was also tested against some non
target organisms such as Daphnia sp.,
Diplonychus annulatum
(predatory water-bug) and
Chironomus circumdatus
larvae (insect).
The presence of secondary metabolite in the crude extract of matured seed coat of
Cassia sophera
was also analysed. All the graded
concentration i.e. 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% and 1% showed that the larval mortality was significant (P<0.05) and regression analysis
revealed the positive correlation between larval mortality and concentration of extracts. LC
50
and LC
90
values were calculated at 24 h,
48 h and 72 h of exposure and the minimum value obtained at 72 h for first instar larvae. In ethyl acetate solvent extract the mortality
rate was higher at 520 ppm against
Culex quinquefaciatus
than the other doses. There was no mortality of non-target organism within
72 h of post exposure to LC
50
concentration at 24 h of both crude and solvent extracts under the laboratory condition. The result of
phytochemical analysis of presence of the secondary metabolite in crude extract of seed coat discovered the presence of some
secondary metabolite such as saponin, alkaloid and cardiac glycosides. The results support that the tested plant extract can be used
for control of larval form of
Culex quinquefaciatus
.
Keywords
Cassia sophera
;
Culex quinquefasciatus
; Mosquito larvae; Biocontrol
Introduction
Mosquitoes are the most nuisance creature of the
nature that causes the transmission of mosquito
borne diseases such as malaria, filaria, dengue
fever, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis by some
major vectors viz.
Anopheles stephensi
,
Culex
quinquefasciatus
,
Aedes albopictus
and
Culex
vishnui
group (James, 1992; Gubler, 1998). The
biting of mosquitoes also causes the skin allergy,
the biting area becomes inflated and irritation
persists (Peng et al., 1999).
Culex quinquefasciatus
is
a vector of lymphatic filariasis. In tropical countries
the lymphatic filariasis is widely distributed
infecting 120 million people world wide and
common chronic manifestation occur in about 44
million people (Ottesen et al., 1997). Previously
mosquito borne diseases were controlled by application
of chemical insecticides. For this purpose many chemical
insecticides were developed and applied in field with
significant success. But the development of resistance,
non selective mode of action and harmful to another
organisms of the environment are the major negative
aspect of chemical insecticides. It may also cause the
toxicity to non-target organisms and environment.
These developments require efforts to prepare
alternative insecticidal agents with high mosquito
control activity that cause little or no harmful
effect to human health and environment. The
plant based herbal insecticides are found to more
efficient, safe and best substitute for chemical
insecticides (Ghosh, 2012; Chowdhury et al., 2008;
Rawani et al., 2009; Rawani et al., 2010; Banerjee et al.,
2011). Natural products of plant origin are safe to use
than the synthetic insecticides (Kishore et al., 2011).
Therefore biological and ecofriendly natural
resources are broad search area for the control of
vector of medical importance (Singha et al., 2012;
Chowdhury, 2009).