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Journal of Energy Bioscience
2013, Vol.4, No.2, 7-15 http://jeb.sophiapublisher.com
Review
Open Access
A Review of Thermo-chemical Energy Conversion Process of Non-edible Seed
Cakes
J. Thiagarajan , P.K. Srividhya , E. Rajasakeran
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur, India
Corresponding Author email: srividya.aravazhi@gmail.com;
Author
Journal of Energy Bioscience, 2013, Vol.4, No.2 doi: 10.5376/jeb.2013.04.0002
Copyright
© 2013 Srividhya et al. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
In India, efforts were being made for using non-edible oils for production of bio-diesel on account of country’s
potentiality in non-edible oil tree born seeds.
Jatropha curcas
(Jatropha) and
Pongamia pinnata
(Karanja) crops had been selected as
major source of non-edible oils for production of biodiesel. Considering the future scenario of non edible oil seed’s utilization for
biodiesel production, there is a need for efficient utilization of their cakes. The main focus of this review is about the options of
energy conversions, for production of suitable fuel. The brief overview of energy conversion option on seed cake is presented by
means of general background information available in literatures. From the solvent extracted jatropha seed cake and mechanically de
oiled jatropha seed cake the quantity of biogas obtained by biomethanation process was 0.5 m
3
/kg and 0.6 m
3
/kg respectively with
CH
4
content of 50% to 70%. By using pongaima seed cake as feed material the yield of average specific biogas over a 30-day
retention time was 0.703 m
3
•day
-1
•kg
-1
TS with 62.5% of CH
4
content. Faster conversion rate and using all the components of
biomass includes cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin were the advantages of thermo chemical conversion process over biological
conversion process. Energy production through gasification conversion route is suitable as the process of synfuels from biomass will
lower the energy cost, waste management improvement and reduction of harmful emission. Experiments on non edible oil seed cake
by gasification conversion route and analyzing for its characteristics are more essential for useful energy recovery and its use for
thermal application and power generation.
Keywords
Non edible oil seeds; Bio diesel; De-oiled cake; Bio mass gasifier
Introduction
The universe has gifted with more than hundred
species of tree born non edible oil seeds that could be
used for extraction of oil which could be
supplemented /substituted for the conventional fuel.
India is emerging fast in using no edible oils for the
production of bio diesel through B20 policy of bio
fuel with conventional diesel (Radhakrishna, 2003).
The table 1 shows the availability of non edible seeds,
oil, cake and oil content in India. In that the Sal is 1.5
million metric tons per year followed by Neem,
Mahua and Mango.
The trees and plants like Jatropha, Karanja, Rice-bran,
Castor, Sal, Neem, Mahua, Linseed, rubber-seed etc
could grow well on waste land and could withstand
draught and dry conditions producing nontraditional
oil seeds. Oil extraction from these seeds and
conversion into bio diesel production provided
opportunities for rural employment and wealth
generation to the marginalize sections of the society
(Agarwal et al., 2007). For making bio diesel techno
economically as viable and renewable substitute or
supplement to diesel certain barriers needed to be
reviewed.
The technology of biodiesel production consumed
only extracted vegetable oil from non-edible seeds and
left large amount of unutilized biomass as seed cake.
Jouranal of Energy Bioscience
Preferred citation for this article:
Srividhya et al., 2013, A Review of Thermo-chemical Energy Conversion Process of Non-edible Seed Cakes, Journal of Energy Bioscience, Vol.4, No.2
7-15 (doi: 10.5376/jeb.2013.04.0002)
Received: 06 Mar., 2013
|
Accepted: 12 Oct., 2013
|
Published: 21 Oct., 2013