International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research
2012,
Vol.2, No.6, 22
-
24
http://ijmvr.sophiapublisher.com
23
urolithiasis in 2 sacrificial bucks with allopurinol.
Case No. 1
A 2 ˝ years old sacrificial buck of beetle breed weig-
hing 80 kg was presented to Veterinary Teaching Hos-
pital (VTH), Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery,
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agricu-
lture, Faisalabad, Pakistan with a primary complaint of
urine retention of three days standing.
At the start, there was dribbling of urine indicated that
the retention was partial. Then on the advice of some
local healer, the owner gave ammonium chloride
(25
gm, per os) which resulted in complete retention
of the urine. The buck was being fed with 4~5 kg
chickpea along with concentrate (1~2 kg) and wheat
straw (5~6 kg) per day. It was tethered and provided
with water twice a day. There was reduction in feed
and water intake accompanied by depression. Prior to
referral, the buck had previously been treated by
excision of urethral process, medicated with diazepam
and ammonium chloride but to no avail.
At the time of presentation to VTH, the animal was
depressed and standing with its head down. Ventral
side of the abdomen was swollen due to distention of
urinary bladder. Other signs observed were treading of
hind feet, twitching of tail and restlessness. On close
physical examination, a firm mass at the level of
sigmoid flexure accompanied by swelling and pain
was detected. The hairs at prepuce were dry along
with adhered whitish crystals. Readings of rectal
temperature, respiration and pulse rates were 39.2
?
,
26
breaths per minute accompanied by dyspnea and
96
beats per minute, respectively.
A diagnosis of urolithiasis was reached on the basis of
composite of history and clinical signs. The history
reflected that the animal was medicated with a urine
acidifier ammonium chloride (25 gm, per os) which
resulted into complete obstruction of urine outflow, so
the urolithiasis was due the crystals more common in
acidic pH.
Allopurinol (Zyloric® GSK, Ltd. Pakistan) was adm-
inistered @ 10 mg/kg of body weight per os, bid for
3
days, along with Ketoprofen (Leads Pharma®, Ltd.
Pakistan) @ 3 mg/kg of body weight I/M, sid. The
animal started urination 3 hours after the first dose of
medication and completely recovered after treatment
of 3 days.
Case No.2
A 12 months old sacrificial buck (cross of beetle and
teddy) weighing about 35 kg was presented to VTH,
Dept. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, with a primary com-
plaint of dysuria and partial retention of urine 1 day
standing.
The animal was kept tethered along with 2 animals of
same species. It was managed on 2.5 kg concentrates
and 2 kg chickpea along with 3~4 kg green fodder
(
Alfalfa) per day. After the beginning of this problem,
the animal was drenched with lassi (considered as
diuretic) but it did not show any response. There was
no other previous medication history.
The clinical signs observed were restlessness, vocali-
zation, reluctance to move and depression. There were
no adhered crystals around prepuce and no painful
swelling could be detected on palpation of the urethra.
The parameters (rectal temperature: 39.4
?
,
respiration:
32
bpm and pulse rate: 86 per min.) were recorded.
Few drops of urine were collected for urine analysis.
A clinical diagnosis of urate associated urolithiasis
was reached on the basis of history, physical exami-
nation and urine analysis (Table 1).
Table 1 Urine analysis* before and after treatment with allopurinol
Tests
performed
Findings before
treatment
Findings after 3 days of
treatment with allopurinol
+ ketoprofen
Color
Whitish yellow
Pale yellowish
Turbidity
Cloudy
Clear
pH
5.8
7.2
RBCs
7 (
per field)
4 (
per field)
WBCs
3 (
per field)
3 (
per field)
Crystals
Urate crystals
(
hexagonal, barrels,
rosettes in shape
and amber in color)
Only 2 crystals were
found in 10 fields
Note: * (Pugh, 2002)