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基因组学与医学生物学
(
网络版
), 2012
,
1
,
7
-
17
Jiyinzuxue Yu Yixue Shengwuxue (Online), 2012, Vol.1, 7
-
17
http://gmb.5th.sophiapublisher.com
评述与展望
Review and Progress
叶绿体转化及其用于疫苗表达研究的最新进展
巩智刚
,
徐芳
,
周海鹏
,
王雯雯
,
王玉华
西北大学生命科学学院
,
陕西省生物技术重点实验室
,
西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室
,
西安
, 710069
通讯作者
: wangyh@nwu.edu.cn;
作者
基因组学与医学生物学
, 2012
,
1
,
2
doi: 10.5376/gmb.cn.2012.01.0002
收稿日期:
2012
04
02
接受日期:
2012
05
18
发表日期:
2012
06
28
本文首次发表在《基因组学与应用生物学》
(2012
年第
31
卷第
3
期第
310-319
)
上。现依据版权所有人授权的许可协议,采用
Creative Commons
Attribution License
对其进行授权,再次发表与传播。只要对原作有恰当的引用
,
版权所有人允许并同意第三方无条件的使用与传播。
建议最佳引用格式:
引用格式
(
中文
)
巩智刚等
, 2012,
叶绿体转化及其用于疫苗表达研究的最新进展
,
基因组学与医学生物学
(online) Vol.1 No.2 pp.7-17
(doi: 10.5376/gmb.cn.2012.01.0002)
引用格式
(
英文
)
Gong et al., 2012, Chloroplast Transformation and the Latest Progress of its Application in Vaccine Expression
,
Jiyinzuxue Yu Yixue Shengwuxue (online)
(Genomics and Medical Biology) Vol.1 No.2
pp.7-17 (doi: 10.5376/gmb.cn.2012.01.0002)
随着植物转基因研究的不断深入,核基因组转化的转基因沉默现象严重影响了基因工程的应用效果。植物叶绿体
遗传转化以叶绿体基因组为平台对植物进行遗传操作,外源基因定点整合及母性遗传特性能较好地解决
顺式失活
位置
效应
等类的基因沉默问题和转基因逃逸等安全问题,成为植物基因工程发展的新方向,在工业、农业及医药生物领域发挥
了重要作用,也为生产廉价、安全的植物疫苗提供了新思路。本文在简要介绍叶绿体转化的原理、转化方法与优势的基础上,
重点综述了近年来通过该技术表达的一些重要的病毒抗原和细菌抗原。最后,对叶绿体转化技术在表达外源基因方面存在的
问题进行分析。未来随着叶绿体基因表达、调控机制研究的逐渐深入及相关技术体系的日臻完善,叶绿体转化有望成为疫苗
生产的生力军。
关键词
叶绿体转化
;
基因工程
;
疫苗生产
Chloroplast Transformation and the Latest Progress of its Application in
Vaccine Expression
Gong Zhigang , Xu Fang , Zhou Haipeng , Wang Wenwen , Wang Yuhua
College of Life Sciences, Northwest University/Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology
in Western China, Xi’an, 710069
Corresponding author: wangyh@nwu.edu.cn;
Authors
Abstract
With the deepening research into plant transgenosis, the application effect of genetic engineering has been seriously
influenced by the transgenic silencing. By using chloroplast genome as a platform, chloroplast genetic transformation manipulates
genes in plant. The advantages of exogenous gene site integration and maternal inheritance can effectively overcome the security
issues of “gene silencing” and “transgene escape”, such as “cis-inactivation” and “position effect”. Therefore
chloroplast genetic
transformation could lead a new perspective to the plant genetic engineering. It plays an important role in the industrial, agricultural
and biomedical fields, and also provides new strategies to manufacture cheap and safe plant vaccine. In this paper, we briefly
introduce the principles of chloroplast transformation, its methods and superiority. In addition, we review and highlight recent studies
of chloroplast engineering related to some important vaccine antigens expression, including viral antigens and bacterial antigens.
Finally, some problems about chloroplast transformation technology in expressing foreign genes were discussed. In the future, with
continuous reinforcement of the research about chloroplast gene expression, and regulation mechanism, as well as the improvement
of the related technical system, the chloroplast transformation is expected to become the vital force of the vaccine production.
Keywords
Chloroplast transformation; Genetic engineering; Vaccines production
世界卫生组织
2008
年公布:在发展中国家,每年
由传染性疾病引起的死亡人数高达
950
(WHO, 2008,
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/200
4_report_update/en/index.html)
。疫苗作为目前最有效的
防范治疗传染性疾病的武器,在发展中国家远不能满
足需求量。当前,疫苗主要是通过细菌、酵母和昆虫
类细胞的发酵生产
(Daniell et al., 2009)
,不仅生产成本
高、不易储存和运输,且具有潜在的安全性问题等,
5TH