International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.22, 1-6
1
Research Report Open Access
Distribution and concentration several types of heavy metal correlated with
diversity and abundance of microalgae at Tallo Estuary, Makassar, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Nita Rukminasari
Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar – 90245, South Sulawesi - Indonesia
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Marine Science, 2015, Vol.5, No.22 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0022
Received: 31 Jan., 2015
Accepted: 27 Feb., 2015
Published: 25 Mar., 2015
Copyright
©
2015
Rukminasari, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Rukminasari, 2015, Distribution and concentration several types of heavy metal correlated with diversity and abundance of microalgae at Tallo Estuary,
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, International Journal of Marine Science, Vol.5, No.22 1
-
6 (doi
Abstract
Tallo estuary is a catchment area river ecosystem is the most affected by aquatic pollution due to a major role of the river
for community. A study on water quality, heavy metal concentration and microalgae abundance at selected sites of Tallo River
Estuary was carried out. The aim of this research are: 1) Determine distribution and concentration of existing heavy metal at
ecosystem of Tallo River Estuary, 2) Identify microalgae dominant from Tallo River Estuary ecosystem where have been polluted by
several type of heavy metal.
The results showed that there were three heavy metals at Tallo River Estuary which have a high concentration and above permissible
maximum concentration of environment quality standard, such as Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr). Statistical result
showed that there was a significant different in heavy metal concentration between the sampling stations. Concentration of all heavy
metals measured was higher at sediment than in the water column.
Skeletonema sp, Nitzchia sp
and
Synedra sp
were abundance at all sites of the research location. However, there was a strong
correlation and significant different between concentration of Chromium in the water and
Skeletonema sp
and
Synedra sp.
Keywords
Diversity and abundance of microalgae; Heavy metal and Tallo River Estuary
Introduction
Estuaries is venerable ecosystem that receive
significant anthropogenic inputs from both point and
non-point upstream sources and from metropolitan
areas, tourism and industries located along the
estuarine edges. Estuarine pollution is receiving high
attention from the scientific community due to its
recognized major source of ecosystem health stress
(Kumar and Goyar, 2008) and (Arakel and Tian,
1992). One of main pollutant is entering estuary is
heavy metal.
Heavy metal pollution in the estuary has major
concern due to they were undegradable element
consequently can be either adsorbed onto sediment or
accumulated by organisms to toxic level (Begum et al,
2009; Ahmad et al, 2009; Charkhabi et al, 2005).
Heavy metals have been introduced into rivers
through land surface run off and rainfall precipitation.
Other sources such as mine drainage, off shore oil and
gas exploitation, industrial (pesticides, paints, leather,
textile, fertilizer, pharmaceutical), domestic effluents
and acid rain have all contributed to increase metal
load to the estuary (Noah and Oomori, 2006) and
(Ahmad et al., 2009).
Heavy metals are considered as toxic compounds and
their targets are essential metalloenzymes when its
present higher than minimum requirement as
micronutrient (Erdei, et al., 2005). Accumulating
heavy metal in the organism especially plants and
microbial can increases in concentration up to 100 to
1000 times those taken up by non- accumulator
organisms. Previous researches found that some
organisms such as plankton and benthos have a
capability to absorb heavy metal in the water and
sediment. Those organisms common to be bioindicator
and biosorption of heavy metal (Arunakumara and
Xuengheng, 2008; Chaala and Zekri, 2005; Wilke et
al., 2006; Chojnacka, 2007).
