International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.14, 1-5
4
Figure 5 White Feces floating in the corner
3 Discussion
The present study is the report on the white gut and
white feces disease in
L. vannamei
culture in
Kodakaramulai, Sirkali taluk, Nagai District,
Tamilnadu, India. This study shows that white gut and
white feces affect the growth of
L. vannamei
. The
maintenance of good water quality is essential for
optimum growth and survival of shrimp. Good water
quality is characterized by adequate dissolved oxygen,
temperature, pH and salinity. Excess feed, fecal matter
and metabolites will exert tremendous influence on the
water quality of the shrimp farm (Soundarapandian and
Gunalan, 2008). In the present study the salinity was
maintained 22-30 ppt in both the ponds. However, the
white leg shrimp,
L. vannamei
, is widely cultured in
Central and South America (Wen-Young Tseng, 1988)
and tolerates the salinities of 2-45 ppt (Parker et al.,
1974; Samocha et al., 1998). Karthikeyan (1994) and
Gunalan et al. (2010) recommended a salinity range of
10-35 ppt was ideal for shrimp culture. In the present
study pH value was ranging between 7.5-8.0 in the
morning and 7.9-8.4 in the evening.
The pH of pond water is influenced by many factors,
including pH of source water, acidity of bottom soil
and shrimp culture inputs and biological activity.
Wang et al
.
, 2004 and Gunalan et al
.,
2011
recommended the favorable pH range of 7.6-8.6 for
L.
vannamei
. The concentrations of DO in all ponds are
ranged from 4.0- 5.0 mg/l in the morning and 4.5-6.5
mg/l in the evening during the culture period. The
values of water quality parameters reveal that all these
are in the acceptable range for survival and growth of
L. vannamei
(Van Wyk and dan John Scarpa, 1999).
The growth of the shrimps depends on the quality of
feed. In the present study CP feed was used for all the
ponds and the amount was followed as per feed chat.
In the present study the average FCR was 1.4 for both
the ponds. Similar results were already recorded by
Paul Raj (1999), Ramakrishna (2000), Soundarapandian
and Gunalan (2008) and Gunalan et al
.
(2011). Even
though the stocking densities was quiet high better
FCR was achieved in both the ponds because of
quality of the feed, feed management, water quality,
pond bottom management and other effective farm
management.
Weekly sampling is very important to know the
shrimp health, growth and survival. In the present
study first sampling was carried out in both the ponds
at the 30
th
DOC of the culture. Sampling was carried
out every ten days one. In the present study from 50
th
DOC to 70
th
DOC both the ponds shrimps observed
with white gut and also white feces observed in the
check tray as well as corner of the ponds. Due to this
problem there was poor during the period. Nyan Taw
(2010) reported white feces problem during the
L.
vannamei
culture. Chalor Limsuwan
(2010) and
Gunalan et al
.
(2014) reported the white gut and white
feces in
L.vannamei
culture system. Chalor Limsuwan
(2010) says the disease was first detected in
P.
monodon
cultivated in low salinity waters (3-5%), but
it was later spread throughout Thai’s entire shrimp
production area, where currently 99% production
corresponds to
L. vannamei
.
In the present study the white gut and white feces
disease rectified using
Bacillus
sp. continuously for
three weeks. Similar method was suggested by Chalor
Limsuwan (2010).
Amornrat et al
.
(2013) recorded
White feces syndrome problem during his study.
At
the time of harvest in pond 1 and 2 the shrimps
harvested at the size of 33 gm. Similar growth was
reported by Gunalan et al
.
(2011). The present study
strongly recommending to the shrimp farming
community to use feed probiotic, maintain the proper
water quality and feed management for the sustainable
and successful shrimp culture.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Prof. K. Kathiresan, Dean and
Director, CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences,
Annamalai University, Parangipettai for providing facilities to
carry out this research work.
References
Appelbaum, J. S. Garada J. and Mishra K. 2002. Growth and survival of the
white leg shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
) reared intensively in the
brackish water of the Israeli Negev desert
. Israli. J. Aquacult,
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