Basic HTML Version
International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.61, 1-13
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
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waters is one of the most important priorities in
resource management. Wilson et al. (2007) implied
that the exploitation activity of marine resources both
commercially and sustainably required information on
habitat mapping. By knowing the habitat of scallop,
the fishing ground of them can be located, so that the
efficiency of fishing effort can be accomplished. In
addition, habitat suitability maps can also be applied
as a database for conservation and resource
management (Danker et al., 2001; Compton, 2004;
Leverette, 2004; Mandleberg, 2004; Bryan and
Metaxas, 2007; Wilson et al., 2007; MacLeod et al.,
2008; Praca and Gannier, 2008).
As benthic marine organism, a specific method in
mapping the areas of scallop habitat is required in
order to describe the precise and appropriate benthic
environment. Habitat suitability maps can be
generated through spatial habitat modeling, which is a
method examining the relationship between the
presence and/or the absence of species with relevant
environmental parameters termed as eco-geographical
variables (EGV) (Hirzel, 2001; Hirzel et al., 2002)
forming the basis of environmental variables waters.
The program is also capable of performing descriptive
statistical analysis and GIS-based. Therefore, it will be
able to deliver a habitat suitability map.
This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the
benthic environment that determines the scallop
habitat and maps the potential habitat using spatial
modeling based on the environmental parameters, so
the potential habitats for scallop is acquainted.
1 Material and Method
1.1 Types and Sources of Data
Primary data were obtained directly from the field
such as the environmental parameters of the seabed
and the surface including: plankton, sediment,
temperature, depth, and distance from the estuary
along with suspended solids, salinity and pH. Scallop
samples and catching coordinate data were also
collected as validation of the established habitat
suitability models.
Secondary data were collected by reviewing some
related literature sources. In addition, satellite data and
supporting maps were obtained from several local
agencies and institutes. Those satellites data included:
the 2008 ASTER satellite images, the 2009 Landsat 7
ETM+ satellite images, the 2002 Java Sea Bathymetry
Map from Hydro-Oceanographic Office of Indonesian
Navy (Dishidros), the 1991 Distribution of Sediment
Surface Seabed Map from the Marine Geology
Research and Development Centre (P3GL), the 2001
Topography Map from Geospatial Information
Agency (Bakosurtanal), the 2010 tidal data from
Dishidros, the 2010 wind data of Meteorology,
Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of
Tegal. Then, other supporting data on the study area
originated from Department of Marine and Fisheries
Affairs (DKP) of Brebes District and previous
researches were also collected.
1.2 Data Analysis Methods
Some data such as tentative maps from the secondary
data were analyzed before the survey. Those data
included the shoreline updating with ASTER satellite
image and the seabed sediments mapping by using the
digit on screen method (Prahasta, 2002; Nuarsa, 2005),
the depth mapping by applying the interpolation
model of Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) in
geostatistics-ArcGIS (ESRI, 2000; Prahasta, 2002;
Radiarta et al., 2003). The TSS data extraction from
Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite image and the tides
modeling with the SMS program (Luetich and
Westerink, 2004; Nugroho, 2005) were also analyzed.
Samples obtained from the field survey were analyzed
in the laboratory, including: seabed sediment samples
by multilevel sieve (sieve shaker) method-pipetting
(Tahrir et al., 1986) and sediment classification
triangle diagram (Folk, 1980). Then, plankton samples
by APHA method (1976) based on the type of
plankton identification book of Yamaji (1984), as well
as the TSS samples of the sea surface by
spectrophotometer at 810 nm wavelength and distilled
water as a blank (APHA, 1980).
Mapping of estuary ranged by using the buffering
technique in geostatistics-ArcGIS (ESRI, 2000;
Prahasta, 2001), the spatial mapping of seabed
environmental parameters with IDW method in
geostatistics-ArcGIS (ESRI, 2000), the mapping of
scallop availability with Generate Random Point
models contained in the program Animal Movement
SA v2.04 beta in ArcView 3.3 software, as well as
habitat modeling were made to determine the
suitability of habitat scallop with ENFA.