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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.61, 1-13
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
1
Research Article Open Access
Habitat Suitability Modeling of Asian-Moon Scallop (
Amusium pleuronectes
) in
Brebes District Waters, Central Java, Indonesia
Achmad Sahri , Sutrisno Anggoro, Jusup Suprijanto
Master Program of Coastal Resources Management, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Marine Science, 2014, Vol.4, No.61 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2014.04.0061
Received: 03 Mar., 2014
Accepted: 11 Sep., 2014
Published: 28 Oct., 2014
Copyright
©
2014 Sahri et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Sahri et al., 2014, Habitat Suitability Modeling of Asian-Moon Scallop (
Amusium pleuronectes
) in Brebes District Waters, Central Java, Indonesia,
International Journal of Marine Science, Vol.4, No.61 1
-1
3 (doi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the environment that determines the bottom habitat of the
scallop from Brebes District and to map the potential habitat of scallop using spatial modeling. Research areas include the waters
covering 806.03 km
2
of Brebes District extending 12 miles outward the sea. Habitat suitability mapping was conducted using
Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test differences in each environment occupied by
scallop with the overall study area.
ENFA results showed that the scallop required habitats with very different conditions from the mean habitat conditions existing in all
study areas (p <0.05). The suitable habitat for scallop
Amusium pleuronectes
in Brebes District waters were the bottom water column
with high plankton density (11,001-14,500 ind/L), between 18-31 m of water depth, low total suspended solids (<3.61 mg/L), soft
sediments substrate (mud, φ ≥ 6) and a relative distant from estuary (> 5 km). In addition, the scallop also required bottom waters
habitat with current velocity and high salinity (> 0.06 m/sec; 31.85-32.65 ‰) and low temperature of the bottom waters
(29.92-30.06 °C), while towards the pH level of the bottom waters, scallop were relatively more tolerant (7.3-7.4). Based on spatial
modeling of habitat suitability in the study area, there were three categories obtained: 1) “suitable habitat” area of 4,629.01 ha (5.8%),
2) “marginal habitat” area of 9,291.09 ha (11.5%), and 3) “unsuitable habitat” for scallops covering an area of 66,682.68 ha (82.7%).
Keywords
Amusium pleuronectes
; ENFA; Habitat modeling; GIS; Scallop
Introduction
Scallop is one of the fisheries resources that have the
potential to be exploited optimally as it has a high
economic value in the international trade. Some
destination countries for export purpose of scallop
from Indonesia include Singapore, Taiwan and Hong
Kong (Suprijanto, 2003; Prasetya, 2009). On the north
coast of Central Java, Brebes District is one of the
areas known as a significant scallop producer, because
in certain seasons, scallop from this area has managed
to meet the supply needs of exporters both in Jakarta
and in domestic market.
One of the distinguished constraints of fishing effort,
and exporting the scallop is the continuity of
production that has not sustained yet. It is due to the
fishing season factor (Prasetya, 2009; Widowati et al.,
2008) as well as the lack of information on what kind
of waters preference for their habitat.
Knowledge of scallop habitat characteristics, such as
sediment type, depth, current speed, total suspended
solid (TSS), salinity, and temperature (Franklin et al.,
1980; Williams, 2002), can be a valuable guide in
determining their habitat. By knowing the
characteristics of scallop habitat, the mapping of areas
as their potential habitat can be easily performed.
Some researches on mapping the potential of scallop
have been carried out in several countries such as
Queensland (Williams, 2002) and the U.S. (Hart,
2006). Meanwhile in Indonesia, the mapping potential
of scallop, especially regarding the suitability of the
habitat has become less concerned.
Habitat mapping of scallop can provide several
advantages, including obtaining an estimation of how
great the potential of the water areas that is suitable
for habitat scallop is. Prasetya (2009) reported that
assessing the potential of scallop in Brebes District