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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.7: 74-81
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
74
Research Report Open Access
Excogitated Coastal Tourism Competitiveness by Implementing Eco-tourism
in Anyer, Banten, Indonesia
S.H. Hengky
School of Tourism, Hospitality, and Environmental Management (STHEM); College of Law, Government, and International Studies (COLGIS), Universiti
Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Malaysia; Associate Professor TRIGUNA, School of Economic, Bogor, Indonesia; ITU (International Telecommunication
Union) Fellow, UUM; CUIC (Centre for University Industry Collaboration) Fellow, UUM; Director of SHINE Institute, Bogor, Indonesia
Corresponding author email:
hengky_halim@uum.edu.my
;
hengky_halim@yahoo.com.au
International Journal of Marine Science, 2014, Vol.4, No.7 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2014.04.0007
Received: 06 Nov., 2013
Accepted: 06 Dec., 2013
Published: 8 Jan., 2014
Copyright
©
2014 Hengky, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Hengky, 2014, Excogitated Coastal Tourism Competitiveness by Implementing Eco-tourism in Anyer, Banten, Indonesia, International Journal of Marine
Science, Vol.4, No.7: 74-81 (doi: 10.5376/ijms.2014.04.0007)
Abstract
The aim of the research is to conserve Anyer coastal environment from negative environmental impact and improving
coastal and coastline competitiveness by implementing the ecotourism concept. 216 data were collected by triangulation technique:
open observation; structured interview, and interview, in the one-year Anyer sub-district and tabulated by content analysis based on
ecotourism and competitiveness concepts with zoning and landscaping as well. It conserved spatial planning and decreased
hospitality industry pollution and coral reef and seaweed as well as open new sea natural scenery, following coastline border
regulation and conserve: coastal environment from utilizing coastal ecotourism activities. It also develops open new natural sea view
and water recreation opportunity spectrum provided with water resources as an along the coastline zone, and coastal ecotourism
attractions with undersea life.
Keywords
Ecotourism; Coastal tourism; Competitiveness; Zoning; Landscaping; Anyer
Introduction
Tourism industry towards the 21
st
century will be the
mainstay of the national economy and to spur
economic development of a country. The coastal
tourism industry will continue to grow on average by
3 % per year compared to the world economy as a
whole 2.3 % in the same year. Tourism industry in
2012 contributes foreign exchange on gross domestic
product (GDP) by 8.9 %. The growth of tourism in the
same year is expected to 9.4 million peoples in
Indonesia (WTTC, 2013).
Moreover, WTTC (2013) stated about improving the
competitiveness of tourism in Indonesia should tailor
the trend environmentally sustainable tourism is
increasingly considered by the world community.
Indonesia also began to follow up with various forms
of tourism in line with environmental conservation.
The tourism sector was ranked third after textiles and
wood in the national economy of Indonesia.
Indonesia's natural wealth when it is planned,
developed, and managed properly can provide both
economic contributions to society and for nature
conservation. Tourist behavior is now changing, more
travelers are choosing natural shades object coastal
tourist attraction. Ecotourism is a tourism concept that
combines the interests of the coastal tourism industry,
tourists, and environmentalists.
Coastal tourism is tourism that utilizes the junction
between land and sea. Landward coastal areas include:
land portion, both dry and submerged in water, and
which is still influenced by the properties of the sea
like the tides, ocean breezes, and salt water intrusion
(Supriharyono, 2000), while according to Law No. 32
year 2004 marine resource management authority is 4
miles measured from the shoreline seaward to the
district or city.
While the number of foreign tourists who visited
Indonesia in 2012 reached 8.04 million people and
contributed economically USD 9.1 million. One of the
coastal tourism in Indonesia which has objected
coastal tourist attraction as natural shades is namely
Anyer coastal tourism. This coastal tourism is located
10 km from Labuan, in the western part of Banten,
and it is closed to Indonesia international airport of
Soekarno-Hatta. The object coastal tourist in 2012 was