International Journal of Horticulture, 2017, Vol.7, No.28, 250-261
250
Research Article Open Access
Bio-efficacy of Flubendiamide 480 SC (Fame 480 SC) against Fruit Borer in
Gherkin
R.A. Balikai , C.P. Mallapur
Department of Agril, Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Karnataka, India
Corresponding email
International Journal of Horticulture, 2017, Vol.7, No.28 doi
Received: 15 Oct., 2017
Accepted: 23 Oct., 2017
Published: 01 Dec., 2017
Copyright ©2017
Balikai and Mallapur, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Balikai R.A., and Mallapur C.P., 2017, Bio-efficacy of flubendiamide 480 SC (Fame 480 SC) against fruit borer in Gherkin, International Journal of
Horticulture, 7(28): 250-261 (doi
Abstract
The field experiments were carried out for two consecutive
rabi
/summer seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 in the farmer’s
fields in Kalaghatagi village in Dharwad district, Karnataka, India to evaluate flubendiamide against pumpkin caterpillar or gherkin
fruit borer,
Diaphania indica
(Saunders). Results revealed that three sprays of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 60 g a.i./ha and indoxacarb
14.5 SL @ 21.75 g a.i./ha afforded highest protection against fruit borer with 91.3 and 90.5 per cent during first season and 89.1 and
87.0 per cent during second season, respectively over untreated check and produced higher marketable fruit yield of 10.45 and 10.24
t/ha during first season and 9.65 and 9.52 t/ha during second season, respectively and were significantly superior over rest of the
insecticidal treatments. Even though there was a slight decrease in population of coccinellid beetles after sprays, the population did
not vary among various insecticidal treatments at three, seven and ten days after first, second and third spray during both the seasons.
None of the insecticidal treatments showed any type of phytotoxic symptoms on gherkin plants at one, three, seven ten and fifteen
days after spraying of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 60 g a.i./ha, flubendiamide 480 SC @ 120 g a.i./ha and flubendiamide 480 SC @ 180
g a.i./ha.
Keywords
Flubendiamide 480 SC; Fame 480 SC; Gherkin fruit borer;
Diaphania indica
1 Introduction
Gherkin (
Cucumis anguria
L.) is popularly known as pickling cucumber or small cucumber. It is basically used
for making quality oriented edible pickle mainly used for table purpose. Since there is a growing worldwide
demand for pickled gherkins, more and more food companies have started to explore opportunities for producing
gherkins. However, many challenges have to be overcome mainly good agricultural practices including insect pest
management strategies. Many insect pests (white fly, thrips, aphids, serpentine leaf miner, fruit fly, red pumpkin
beetle and fruit borers) are known to attack this crop. Since the fruits are edible, safe insecticides need to be used
for pest management in this crop. Very recently, two insecticides acting on insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in
insect muscle cells (IRAC mode of action classification, group 28) (IRAC, 2017), namely, flubendiamide
(phthalic acid diamide) and chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) are being used for the control of lepidopteran
pests, especially,
Helicoverpa armingera
Hub. and
Spodoptera litura
Fab. Masanori et al.
(2005) reported that
flubendiamide is highly effective against lepidopteran insects. Flubendiamide
is a new chemical option for control
of multi-resistant noctuid
pests
and an excellent choice in resistant management strategies for
lepidopteran pests
in general (Nauen et al.
,
2007). Similarly,
Tang Zhen Hua and Tao Li Ming
(2008) reported that flubendiamide
was a diamide insecticide have a unique chemical structure and a novel mode of action and show excellent
efficacy
, a broad insecticidal spectrum against lepidopteran insect pests, excellent safety against various beneficial
arthropods and natural enemies, and no cross-resistance to existing insecticides and very suitable for insecticide
resistance management and IPM programmes. Tohinshi et al.
(2005) concluded that flubendiamide was the first
example of 1,2-benzenedicarboxamide insecticides but also the first practical synthetic insecticide with a mode of
action as an activator of ryanodine receptors. It shows high and selective activity against lepidopteran insect
pests
,
which leads to excellent efficacy in the field, and excellent safety against non-target organisms, including various
beneficial arthropods and natural enemies. These properties suggested the suitability of
flubendiamide
for
