GAB-2015v6n3 - page 4

Genomics and Applied Biology 2015, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1-14
http://gab.biopublisher.ca
1
Review Open Access
Integrated Weed Management in Turmeric- A Review
E. SATHIYAVANI1 , N. K. PRABHAKARAN2, C. CHINNUSAMY3, R. SHANMUGASUNDRAM2 and
K. SOORIANATHSUNDARAM4
1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
3 Dean, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
4 Professor, Department of Horticulture, HC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
Corresponding author email: sathiyavani.priyanga@gmail.com
Genomics and Applied Biology, 2015, Vol.6, No.3 doi: 10.5376/gab.2015.06.0003
Received: 3 Feb., 2015
Accepted: 8 Feb., 2015
Published: 11 Feb., 2015
© 2015 E. SATHIYAVANI et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
E. SATHIYAVANI et al., 2015, Integrated Weed Management in Turmeric- A Review, Genomics and Applied Biology, Vol.6, No.3, 1-14 (doi:
10.5376/gab.2015.06.0003)
Abstract Weeds constitute a major component among the bottlenecks for successful crop production. Weeds are generally hardy
species having vigorous, deep root system and compete very efficiently with cultivated crops for the nutrients available in the soil
and for the much needed moisture and sunlight. Weeding is one of the important farm operations for agricultural crops. Different
types of weeders are used in different parts of a country. Since, a major portion of labor input is spent on weeding operations; it was
felt that the technology of weeding should be improved for the benefit of the farmers. For proper implementation of this, a few
selected existing methods are needed to be evaluated to formulate an efficient and economically viable integrated weed management
practice. In this connection, the literature on various aspects related to the proposed study was collected and summarized in this
chapter.
Keywords Integrated Weed Management; Turmeric; kharif season
Weed Spectrum in Turmeric
The degree of damage caused by weeds is related to
the type, species and density of weeds growing in a
crop community. Weed species are known to vary with
season and type of cultivation. Persistence of weeds
in a location is largely influenced by climatic,
edaphic (soil) and biotic factors which affect their
occurrence, abundance, range and distribution.
Singh and Mahey (1991) reported that the major
weed flora composition in the turmeric field included
Trianthema monogyna, Euphorbia hirta, Amaranthus
viridis, Eleusina indica, Acrachene racemose, Cyperus
rotundus and Digitaria sanguinalis.
Avilkumar and Reddy (2000) observed the weed
species like Amaranthus viridis, Commelina
benghalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon,
Celosia argentia, Digitaria marginata, Digitaria
muricata, Euphorbia hirta, Eleusine indica and
Panicum repens in turmeric and maize intercropping
system. According to Gill et al. (2000), Digitaria
ischamum, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus,
Eluesine aegypticum, Euphorbia hirta, Commelina
benghalensis and Eragrostis pilosa were the
predominant weeds in turmeric.
In Dharwad, major weed species present in the
turmeric field were Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria
marginata, Panicum repens, Parthenium
hysterophorus, Amaranthus viridis, Mimosa pudica,
Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, Cynodon
dactylon and Cyperus rotundus (Mannikeri, 2006).
Kaur et al. (2008) observed that predominant weed
species like Cyperus rotundus, Arachne racemosa,
Digitaria sanguinalis , Eleusine aegyptiacum,
Echinochloa crusgalli , Eragrastis pilosa, Commelina
bengalensis, Eleusine indica , Euphorbia hirta,
Phyllanthus niruri, Trianthema portulacastrum and
Amaranthus viridis in turmeric field.
According to Tahira et al. (2010), Sonchus aspera,