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Genomics and Applied Biology 2015, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1-14
http://gab.biopublisher.ca
7
hirta, Cleome viscosa, Phyllanthus niruri
and monocots
viz
.,
Cyperus rotundus
and
Cynodon dactylon
.
Metsulfuron methyl at 3.5 to 4.5 g ha
-1
gave good control of
Parthenium hysterophorus
which results in drying up of
the weeds started from growing tips after a week of
spray and dried completely within 20days (Mishra and
Bhan, 1994). Studies conducted at Hisar revealed that
metsulfuron at the rate of 2 to 8 g ha
-1
provided 47 to 57
percent control of barnyard grass (Samar Singh
et al
.
,
1995). Accoding to Bodake
et al
. (2014), post-emergence
application of metsulfuron- methyl at 0.004 kg ha
-1
at
3WAS + 1 HW at 5WAS recorded higher green forage
and dry matter yield in oat.
Fenoxaprop
Sarkar (2006) reported that post-emergence
application of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 75 g ha
-1
or
quizalofop ethyl at 50 g ha
-1
at 20 DAS effectively
controlled the grassy weeds in Jute besides giving
higher fibre yield. According to Walia
et al
. (2011),
post emergence application of AEF 046360-8% + DIC
1468-14%-22% EC (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+metribuzin)
at 275 and 330 g ha
-1
as well as Atlantis 3.6 WDG AT
14.4 g ha
-1
increased wheat grain yield by 58.8, 64.2
and 67.3%, respectively as compared to unweeded
(control) treatment.
In aerobic rice, post-emergence mixture of fenoxaprop +
ethoxysulfuron at 30 DAS recorded higher grain yield
in aerobic rice (Ramachandiran and Balasubramanian,
2012).
Post
emergence
combined
application
of
fenoxaprop-p-ethyl at 60 g ha
-1
+ ethoxysulfuron 15 g
ha
-1
at 20 and 35 DAT and hand weeding twice
recorded lesser weed density, dry weight and higher
grain yield in system of rice intensification method of
rice (Dewangan
et al
.
,
2014). According to Singh
et al
.
(2014), lesser weed density and dry weight was
recorded in fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron
fb
bispyribac
at 60 + 15 and 25 g ha
-1
in rice.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate at 2.00 kg ha
-1
followed by hand weeding
recorded lower weed density and dry weight in cotton
(Nadanassababady and Kandasamy, 2002). Increased
dosage and extended time of application are beneficial
since glyphosate provides broad-spectrum control of
many annual and perennial grasses, sedges, and
broadleaf weeds in glyphosate- resistant cotton (Burke
et al
., 2005). Glyphosate mixed with
S
-metolachlor
increased the control of late season annual grasses to
14-43 percentage points compared with the control by
glyphosate alone in one North Carolina study in
cotton (Clewis
et al
., 2006). According to Nithya
Chinnusamy
et al
. (2013), post emergence spraying of
potassium salt of glyphosate at 2700 g a.i.ha
-1
twice
on 25 and 65 DAS can be done for complete control
of broad spectrum weeds with higher seed cotton yield
in herbicide tolerant transgenic cotton during winter
season.
Integrated Weed Management
There is no single method by which all the weeds can
be controlled effectively. A judicious combination of
chemicals and cultural cultivation practices for weed
control reduces the expenditure as well as give benefit
to the crop plants by providing proper aeration and
conservation of moisture (Yadav
et al
.
,
2009).
Integrated weed control is a weed density
management system that uses all suitable techniques
in a compatible manner to reduce weed density and
maintain them at levels below those cause economic
injury to crop cultivation.
Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + straw
mulch 9 t ha
-1
recorded the higher weed control
efficiency (84.2%), fresh rhizome yield (29.6 t ha
-1
)
and herbicide efficiency index (11.2) and was on par
with metribuzin and atrazine both integrated with
straw mulch 9 t ha
-1
in turmeric (Kaur
et al
.
,
2008).
According to Ratnam
et al
. (2012), pre-emergence
application of oxyfluorfen 0.25 kg ha
-1
followed by
quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg ha
-1
at 30 DAS supplemented
with hand weeding at 60 and 90 DAS recorded higher
