Bioscience Methods 2015, Vol.6, No.3, 1-9
1
Research Article Open Access
Compatibility of Fungicides and Antagonistic Activity of
Trichoderma
spp Against
Plant Pathogens
Bhale U.N.
1,
, Rajkonda J.N.
2
1 Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Naldurg Tq. Tuljapur Dist Osmanabad, India
2 Department of Botany, Yeshwantrao Chavan College, Tuljapur Dist. Osmanabad, India
Corresponding author email
Bioscience Methods, 2015, Vol.6, No.3 doi: 10.5376/bm.2015.06.0003
Received: 27 Oct., 2015
Accepted: 08 Dec., 2015
Published: 30 Dec., 2015
Copyright
©
2015
Bhale and Rajkonda, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Bhale U.N. and Rajkonda J.N., 2015, Compatibility of Fungicides and Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma spp against plant Pathogens, Bioscience Methods,
6(3): 1-9 (doi
Abstract
Compatibility of fungicides viz. Mancozeb and Captan were studied with
Trichoderma
spp (
T. viride, T. harzianum, T.
koningii, T. pseudokoningii
and
T. virens
)
in vitro
at different concentrations. It was indicated that lower concentrations of Mancozeb
and Captan did not affect the radial growth of
Trichoderma
spp. However, concentration of Mancozeb above 5000 μg/ml and of
Captan above 500 μg/ml were significantly reduced the radial growth of
Trichoderma
species.
Trichoderma viride
,
T. harzianum, T.
virens
and
T. koningii
showed resistance to Mancozeb and Captan.
Trichoderma pseudokoningii
is susceptible to these fungicides.
However, when increased the concentration of Mancozeb and Captan decreased the radial growth.
Trichoderma
species are stronger
antagonistic against number of plant pathogens and their mycoparasitic activity. All
Trichoderma
species inhibited the mycelial
growth of
Alternaria alternata
while maximum inhibition performed by
T. viride
.
Trichoderma koningii
was highly antagonistic over
Rhizoctonia solani
followed by
T. viride
. Radial growth of
Aspergillus niger
was highly inhibited by
T. koningii
followed by
T.
harzianum
.
Geotrichum candidum
was inhibited significantly by
T. viride
followed by
T. pseudokoningii
and
T. virens
. Significant
antagonism was exhibited by
T. virens
against
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
spinacae
followed by
T. harzianum
and
T. pseudokoningii
.
Radial growth and sporulation of
Macrophomina phaseolina
was antagonized significantly by
T. viride
followed by
T. harzianum
and
T. pseudokoningii
.
Keywords
Trichoderma
spp, Compatibility Mancozeb, Captan, fungicides, Pathogenic fungi, Dual culture, Radial growth,
Antagonism
Introduction
Trichoderma
species have often been used in the
management of crop plant diseases.
Trichoderma
is a
genus of asexually reproducing fungi that is present in
all types of soils. Some soil borne fungi are difficult to
eradicate because they produce resting structures like
sclerotia, chlamydospores or oospores for their
survival for a longer period of time under adverse
environmental conditions (Baker and Cooke, 1974).
Use of fungicides for the control of soil borne diseases
is costly and also produces environment and health
hazards to human and adversely affects the beneficial
microorganisms in soil (Dluzniewska, 2003). This was
diverted the attention of plant pathologists towards
alternate methods for the control of plant diseases.
Trichoderma
spp is a potential biocontrol agent for the
management of various plant diseases like, sapota (Wagh and
Bhale, 2011; Bhale, 2013), Leafy vegetables (Rajkonda et al.,
2012), spinach (Bhale, 2012).
Trichoderma
species are
known to suppress infections of soil borne pathogens like
Macrophomina phaseolina, Rizoctonia solani, Fusarium
species and
Pythium
species on various crops (Benitez et
al., 2004, Adenkule et al., 2001, Ehtesham et al., 1990;
Lutchmeah and Cooke, 1875; Howell, 1982). Species
of
Trichoderma
also have growth promoting
capabilities that may or may not be integral to
biological control (Dubey et al., 2007; Benitez et al.,
2004, Yedidia et al., 1998). The combined use of
biocontrol agent and chemical pesticides has attracted
much attention in order to obtain synergistic or
additive effects in the control of soil borne diseases
(Locke et al., 1985). Reduced amount of fungicide can
stress and weaken the pathogen and render its
propogules more susceptible to subsequent attack by
the antagonist (Heiljord and Tronsmo, 1998). Srinivas
and Ramkrishnan (2002) have reported that
