Legume Genomics and Genetics 2015, Vol.6, No.3, 1-7
5
has been reported to possess high levels of anti-nutritional
factors such as trypsin inhibitors (Deka, 1990; Devaraj,
1995), tannins (Deka, 1990; Shastry, 1991) and phytic
acid (Deka, 1990; Al-othman, 1990). The utility of
dolichos bean is often limited by the presence of
ANFs protein inhibitors, phenolic compounds and
tannins. Consumption of raw legumes lead to nausea,
vomiting and Diarrhea. As per investigations, Indian
beans had the highest trypsin inhibitor activity ranging
from 14 to 27 units/ mg sample (Laurena et al., 1994).
Trypsin inhibitor is a type of serine protease inhibition
that reduces the biological activity of trypsin. The
phenols occur in esterified form with cell wall
components in plants and tannins are the polyphenolic
compounds. Phenolic compounds and tannic acid contents
are considered as an anti-nutritional factor as they
lower digestibility and reduction of food consummation.
A number of anti-nutrients possesses beneficial
properties. The phenols have been related to several
biological activities (antiviral, antioxidant, diuretic,
anti-rheumatic and others) (Grassmann et al., 2002).
On the other hand, tannins are used against diarrhoea,
as antiseptics, vasoconstrictors, antimicrobial and
antifungal due to their astringent activity (Gutiérrez et
al., 2008; Falleh et al., 2008; Brandelli et al., 2009).
Phenols and polyphenols exert their protective effects
through diverse mechanism such as blocking, interfering
or suppressing the activities of enzymes involved in
reactive oxygen species generation, quenching free
radicals, chelating transition metals to render inactive
species (Wong, 2006). They mainly act as herbivore
deterrents due to their acid taste and the property of
precipitating proteins. From an agricultural view-point,
they are useful in imparting protection from bioticstre-
sses.
Phenolic compounds
i.e
total phenol content and
tannic acid have received considerable attention
owing to their association with passive and active
defense responses to diseases. Phenols are important
in disease resistance reaction and are easily oxidized
by phenol oxidases and resulting quinines are highly
reactive and toxic to pathogens and their enzymes.
In order to utilize bean effectively as human food it is
essential to inactivate or remove anti-nutritional
factors. The traditional methods like soaking, cooking,
roasting, autoclaving and germination are effective in
reducing the anti-nutritional factors in Field bean
(Myrene, 2013). Soaking, sprouting and cooking of
pre-soaked beans hold a good potential for improving
the nutritional value of lablab bean by reducing
anti-nurtritional factors. Generally adequate heat
processing inactivates the trypsin (Diptero and Liener
1989; Osman 2002), and tannin can be easily removed
through sprouting (Reddy et al., 1985) and fermentation
(Osman, 2004).
Through breeding, we can manipulate these compounds
in optimum ratios while cultivation ensuring the
quality of harvested produce balancing maintenance
of adverse and beneficial compounds.
3 Conclusion
Determinate bushy cultivar Ankur Goldy, Arka Jay,
Arka Vijay and Konkan Bushan being early maturing
are suitable for human consumption and, also can
thrive in frost prone areas. Ankur Goldy has good
balance of nutritional and anti-nutritional factors in
leaves as well as in pods and can be used both for
vegetable as well as for forage purposes. Cultivars
‘Rongai’,
'High worth', 'Koala' and 'Endurance' are
very popular in Australia for forage and on similar
lines, Indain varities Dipali and Dasara which are
indeterminate and perennial with high biomass are
suitable for green manure, erosion control and as
pastures in dry season for cattle grazing. Varieties
Ankur 1732 and HA-3 are useful for green and dry
seed consumption and for forage requirements as well.
There is a great scope to develop varities in Labab and
field bean having a good balance between nutritional
and antinutritional factors. There must be a reconside-
ration of anti-nutritional factors total phenols and
tannic acid as antioxidants as they play a vital role in
imparting disease and insect pest resistance.
4 Materials and Methods
4.1 Materials
While the six Lablab bean (
Lablab purpureus
var.
typicus
Prain) varieties, Arka Jay and Arka Vijay were
procured from IIHR Banglore, Konkan Bhushan from
Konkan Krushi Vidaypeeth Dapoli, Deeplai and
Daseera from Punjab Rao Krushi Vidaypeeth, Akola
and Ankur Goldy from Ankur Foundation, the Filed
bean (
Lablab
purpureus
var
lignosus
) varieties Ha-3
was augmented from GKVK, Banglore and Ankur-1732
from the Ankur Foundation for this study. A
comparative study was done among the varieties for
phenotypic, economic and nutritional traits.
