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International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.9, 44
-
49
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
45
entomologist and pest managers of the world. For this
reason, this research investigated the entomocidal
efficacy of fumigant of cayenne pepper, sweet pepper
and long-cayenne pepper oil extracted with different
solvents against
Sitophilus zeamais
infestation.
Result
Fumigant effect of oils of cultivars of Capsicum spp.
extracted with different solvent on the
S. zeamais
mortality, adult emergence as well as the ability of the
insect to cause seed weight loss and damage.
The fumigant effect of oils of cultivars of
Capsicum
spp. extracted with different solvent on the
S.
zeamais
mortality, adult emergence as well as the ability of the
insect to cause seed weight loss and damage was
presented in Table 1- Table 5. Insect mortality, adult
emergence as well as ability of the insects to cause
damage and weight loss of treated maize grains varied
with cultivars of
Capsicum
spp
.
and the solvent used
for the extraction of the oils. The fumigant effects of
the oils were significantly increasing as the dosage of
the oils was increasing. None of the extracts was able
to achieve 100% beetle mortality except the n-hexane
extract of cayenne pepper which was also the only
extract that prevented the adult emergence, seed
weight loss and seed damage. The acetone oil extracts
of all the three cultivars of
Capsicum
spp
.
showed the
lowest effect on the mortality and emergence of the
adult weevil as well as the ability of the weevil to
cause seed damage and weight loss. Also, the extracts
of sweet pepper showed lowest effects among the
three cultivars of
Capsicum
spp
.
regardless of the
solvent used for their extraction and their effect was
significantly (p<0.05) different from other cultivars of
Capsicum
spp
.
At 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 dosage of sweet
pepper extracts regardless of the solvent used for their
extraction were not significantly (p>0.05) different
from the controls in term of weevil mortality while at
5.0 only the acetone extract of this cultivar was not
significantly (p>0.05) different from the controls.
However, all the extracts of
Capsicum
spp. was
significantly (p<0.05) different from the controls in
term of adult emergence, seed damage and weight loss.
The effectiveness of the extracts cayenne pepper,
sweet pepper and long cayenne pepper regardless of
the solvent used for their extraction could be rated as
follow, cayenne pepper>long cayenne pepper>sweet
pepper while their effect could also be rated in term of
the solvent use for their extraction as follow, acetone
extract of the peppers<ethanol extract of the
peppers<n-hexane extract of the peppers. N-hexane
extract of cayenne pepper showed the greatest
insecticidal effect among the pepper and was more
consistence in it action than others regardless of the
dosage used.
Table 1 Effect of oil of three cultivars of capsicum spp. extracted with different solvents on
S. zeamais
and it infestation at 0.5 ml dosage
Plant materials
Solvent used
Mean±S.E of each parameter
Mortality (%)
Adult emergence
Damage (%)
Weight loss (%)
Cayenne pepper
N-hexane
Ethanol
Acetone
100.00±0.00d
55.00±5.40c
47.50±5.95bc
1.00±0.41a
7.75±1.31ab
13.00±0.71bc
1.34±0.55a
10.28±1.69ab
17.34±0.93bc
0.06±0.03a
0.58±0.17a
0.92±0.01a
Sweet pepper
N-hexane
Ethanol
Acetone
7.50±4.79a
1.25±1.25a
0.00±0.00a
24.00±2.35de
25.00±1.00de
27.75±4.75e
31.47±3.33de
33.11±1.25de
37.08±6.28e
10.62±0.09b
12.13±0.08a
15.22±0.17b
Long-cayenne pepper
N-hexane
Ethanol
Acetone
36.25±5.15bc
32.50±4.79b
28.75±6.88b
9.75±1.03bc
11.75±1.03bc
18.50±1.26cd
12.90±1.34ab
15.63±1.41bc
24.87±1.87cd
0.99±0.33a
0.84±0.18a
1.30±0.16a
Controls
N-hexane control
Ethanol control
Acetone control
Untreated control
0.00±0.00a
0.00±0.00a
0.00±0.00a
0.00±0.00a
48.50±1.71f
51.00±0.82f
51.00±0.82
50.25±1.49f
65.50±2.04f
68.48±1.51f
68.48±1.51f
68.48±1.51f
88.34±2.97c
96.04±1.78c
96.04±1.78c
96.04±1.78c
Note: Each value is mean±S.E of four replicates; Means that carries the same alphabet within the same column are not significantly
(p<0.05) different from each other using Turkey’s Test