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Legume Genomics and Genetics (online), 2010, Vol. 1, No.7, 34-40
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39
tional types of leaf shape and color, plant architecture,
plant height, definite growth, maturing characteristics,
pod and seed color was analyzed. 142 stable inheri-
tance lines were obtained. The traits of sprawl, yellow-
white seed, higher plant mutant could be steadily in-
herited. Kidney leaf, small heart-shape, sword leaf
mutant traits were mostly inherited. New leaf yellowing
and glave kidney leaf mutants had lower genetic
stability and higher segregative lines (Table 7). Some
mutants of glave kidney leaf in M
3
segregated out sword,
kidney, heart-shape leaves in M
4
.
Table 7 Analysis on genetic stability of mutant traits in M
4
induced by colchicines
Mutant trait
Lines in M
4
Lines of stable trait in
M
4
Lines of unstable traitLines of segregative
trait in M
4
in M
4
Percentage of stable
trait lines
Definite growth
59
36
-
23
61.10%
Light-green leaf
8
6
1
1
75.00%
New leaf yellowing
5
1
1
3
20.00%
Sword leaf
19
14
1
3
73.68%
Kidney leaf
27
21
-
6
77.78%
Small heart-shaped leaf
18
12
-
6
66.67%
Glave kidney leaf
7
2
2
3
28.57%
Higher plant
10
10
-
-
100.00%
Tight type
5
2
2
1
40.00%
Excessive branches
3
2
1
-
66.67%
Sprawl mutant
3
3
-
-
Early mature
9
6
3
-
66.67%
Late mature
9
4
4
1
44.44%
Black pod
15
10
-
4
66.67%
Yellow-white seed
1
1
-
-
100.00%
Light red seed
17
11
4
2
64.71%
large-sized seed
3
1
2
-
33.33%
Total
208
142
2 Discussion
Chemical mutation has advantages of simple equipments,
convenient operation and so on. According to some data
analysis, chemical mutagens have effects on genes with
significant locus specificity, and their mutagenic effects
are closely related to mutagen types. Previously, muta-
gens such as ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), diethyl
sulfate (DES) and azides were commonly used in the
chemical mutation breeding. However, practices prove
that these mutagens have strong mutagenic effects on
the trait such as leaf color and albino seedlings, but with
poor mutagenic effects and poor inheritance transmissi-
bility on valuable traits such as early maturity, disease
resistance and high yield, etc. Previous studies showed
that the chemical mutation frequency was influenced
greatly by treatment time (different crop growth stages)
and method. Pu et al. (2005) discussed the suitable
concentration and treatment time of colchicine-induced
azuki bean, and it was found that the treatment concen-
tration had more influences on the seedling rate and
plant survival rate of M
1
generation than treatment time.
Yang et al. (1997) treated the wild soybean seeds after
4
-
day germination with colchicine for 3 days, and then
significant changes took place in ultrastructures of cells
in the root tip meristematic zone, and these cells did
have the characteristics of cell differentiation without
mitosis. The valuable mutation of multiple types obtained
by Cai et al. (1992) in rice, wheat and barley proved
that colchicine as an effective chemical mutagen. Some
of valuable mutation types were obtained in this study,
colchicine can be applied in azuki bean mutation bre-
eding. The 0.2% and 0.4% colchicine were used to treat
dry seeds of azuki bean for 12 hours, with abundant
mutation types obtained. By preliminary screening, 263
mutants were selected with absolute differences in plant
height, plant architecture, leaf color, leaf shape, pod color,
seed color, and maturing characteristics by colchicine-
induced mutation. Similarly, Wang et al. (2009) used