International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 196-205 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 20 2 6.2 Policy supervision and public participation mechanism The management of invasive species is not only a technical issue, but also involves policies, regulations and public participation. Many countries have formulated specific regulations and action plans to deal with the invasion of land snails in Africa. For instance, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has listed A. fulica as A species prohibited from entering the country by the federal government and implements a zero-tolerance policy in customs quarantine. Any act of carrying or mailing snails is illegal. Sound regulatory policies can prevent snails from entering new countries through trade and travel channels. However, there are still some deficiencies and challenges at the policy level: law enforcement and implementation need to be strengthened, and cross-departmental collaboration remains to be improved. Moreover, international cooperation is equally crucial. Invasive species know no borders. Only through joint prevention and control at the regional level can we achieve twice the result with half the effort. Public participation plays an indispensable role in the management of A. fulica. The community public is the first line of force in discovering and eliminating snails. Many successful experiences have shown that enhancing awareness through public education can significantly improve the effectiveness of prevention and control. Public participation also includes timely reporting of the epidemic. Governments often set up hotlines for invasive species or online reporting platforms, encouraging the public to take photos and upload them immediately or contact the relevant departments once they find suspected African snails (Jayashankar et al.,2013; Jing et al., 2015). 6.3 Challenges faced and future directions There are problems such as the difficulty in early detection and rapid response to prevention and control strategies and management challenges, the weak sustainability of prevention and control technologies, global warming and the expansion of invasion ranges, and the impact of socio-economic factors on management effectiveness. Although there are already various measures and policies to deal with the invasion of land snails in Africa, there are still many challenges in actual management, which require further efforts and innovative directions in the future. The future direction lies in: developing more efficient and environmentally friendly control technologies, improving policies, regulations and monitoring systems, strengthening public education and international cooperation, and making full use of new technological means (such as remote sensing, big data and model prediction) to assist in decision-making. The control of the African land snail as an invasive pest is a protracted battle. There are both biological challenges and management and social challenges in between. Only by taking multiple measures simultaneously can the threat to ecological agriculture brought by this invasive species be gradually alleviated and ultimately defeated (Santos et al., 2018; Leite et al., 2022). 7 Case Analysis 7.1 Intrusion cases in Asia A. Fulica's invasions in China were mainly concentrated in the southern provinces. Take Guangdong Province as an example. Since the 1990s, snail infestations first broke out in banana plantations near cities in the Pearl River Delta region, and then spread to urban green Spaces and vegetable gardens. In cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen, groups of large snails could be seen crawling along the streets in the early morning, causing public panic. Guangdong's prevention and control strategy mainly focuses on community mobilization, combined with the regular application of low-toxicity baits. Carry out the "Little Snail Remover" activity in primary and secondary schools to encourage students to participate in snail control both on campus and at home. After years of efforts, the density of snails in the urban center has decreased, but in the urban-rural fringe and urban and rural vegetable fields, due to the complex environment, snails still stubbornly exist. Cases in southern China show that in tropical climates, African snails are highly prone to taking root and multiplying. Early detection and large-scale mass prevention and control are the keys. Mass movements supported by the government can effectively curb the rampant snails in cities. However, institutionalized measures are still needed to maintain the long-term effect, such as incorporating them into daily patriotic health campaigns, etc. (Jing et al., 2015; Dumidae et al., 2021). 7.2 Agricultural disaster cases in Pacific Islands Hawaii was one of the earlier regions in the Pacific islands to be invaded by A. fulica. The first invasion occurred in 1936, when snails were brought to Oahu by Japanese cargo ships. By the 1940s, snails were multiplying in
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