Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2016, Vol.7, No.02, 1
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16
1
Research Article
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Access
Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars
Hamdia M. Abd El- Samad
, Shaddad M.A.K.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
Corresponding
author
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Triticeae Genomics and Genetics,
2016,
Vol.7,
No.02
doi:
Received: 21 Oct., 2015
Accepted: 15 Dec., 2015
Published: 02 Jan., 2016
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© 2016
Hamdia et al.,
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Hamdia M. Abd El- Samad, and Shaddad M.A.K., 2016, Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics,
7(02):
1
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16 (doi:
Abstract
This work was carried out to study the effect of various salinization levels (0, 20, 50, 150 and 300mM NaCl) through the
whole life cycle of four wheat cultivars (Sakha94, Gimiza11, Gimiza10, and Giza 168). Accordingly the salt tolerance of four wheat
cultivars during vegetative and crop yieldstages ranked according to dry matter and chemical constituents as the following: cv. Sakha
94>cv. Gimiza 11>cv. Gimiza 10 > cv. Giza 168.The carbohydrate and protein contents varied between the four wheat cultivars and
their different plant organs, generally the soluble carbohydrate content remained more or less unchanged in cv. Sakha94 and to some
extent in cv. Gimiza11 and troubled in cv. Gimiza10 and cv. Giza168. The amino acids were interesting because, they increased
considerably in cv. Sakha 94 and cv. Gimiza11 accompanied with a great equilibration in protein content in the two sensitive cultivars
Gimiza 10 and Giza 168.Proline content varied consequently among the four wheat cultivars and their plant organs. The results also
revealed that, 23 protein bands were detected in cv. Sakha 94, 18 protein bands in cv. Gimiza 11, 16 protein bands in cv. Gimiza 10
and 18 protein bands in cv. Giza 168 in protein analysis by electrophoreses. The four cultivars possessed 17 common protein bands
while they different from each other in 6 protein bands. The 14.1 KDa is specific marker for both cutivars Sakha 94 and Giza 168.
However, the 33.2 KDa is specific marker for cv. Sakha 94, cv. Gmiza 11 and Giza 168.The 32.3 KDa is specific marker for cv.
Sakha 94 and cv. Gimiza 11. The results revealed that three bands at molecular weight 52.1 kDa is induced under salinity stress in
four tested cultivars Sakha 94, Gimiza 11, Gimiza10 and Giza 168, as compared to the control treatment. It was induced at 50 mM,
150 mM in both cultivars Gimiza 11, Gimiza 10 and Giza 168 while, induced at 50 mM, 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl levels in cv.
Sakha 94 as compared to control treatment. These results revealed that the 52.1 kDa protein band was commonly induced as a result
of salinity treatment in the four cultivars. All the previous parameters supported the differentiation of salt tolerance between the four
cultivars and open the chance for crop selection to be cultivated in saline soil.
Keywords
Mechanisms; Salt Tolerance; Wheat
Introduction
Several environmental factors adversely affect plant
growth and development and final yield performance
of a crop (Ahmad et al., 2008, 2013; Hayat et al.,
2012). Plants are frequently exposed to two main
types of environmental stresses while grown in nature:
a- Biotic stress (Kumar et al., 2009) while caused by
infection and/or competition by other organism. b-
Abiotic stress may be caused by numerous factors
such as drought (Simova-Stoilova et al., 2009;
Shaddad
et al
., 2011 a, b), cold (Van Kumar et al.,
2009), high temperature (Reynolds-Henne et al.,
2010), salinity (Wang et al., 2012), heavy metals (Abd
El-Samad, 2014), alkalinity (Breusegm et al., 2001),
air pollution, pesticides (Hong-Bo et al., 2008),
ultraviolet radiation (Gao and Zhang, 2008) and is
also affected with the fertility status of soil (Sogbedi
et al., 2006). Moreover, daily sudden changes in the
temperature and the presence of heavy metals, toxins,
and oxidants due to human activities could result in
extra stresses on plant (Vierling, 1991).Soil salinity,
one of the most severe abiotic stresses, limits the
production of about 6% of the world’s total land and
20% of irrigated land (17% of total cultivated areas)
and negatively affects crop production worldwide. On
the other hand, increased salinity of agricultural land
is expected to have destructive global effects, resulting
in up to 50% land loss by the next couple of decades.
The adverse effects of salinity have been ascribed
mainly to an increase in sodium (Na
+
) and chloride
(Cl
–
) ions and hence these ions produce the critical
conditions for plant survival by intercepting different
plant mechanisms (Hasanuzzaman et al., 2013). In
saline environments, however, the difference in the
water potential between soil and root cells is reduced
or even inverted, leading to a reduction in water
