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International Journal of Marine Science 2013, Vol.3, No.29, 225-237
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
228
moment of giving management orientations, is that the
municipalities have clearly defined their coastal area
and their marine influence area (Alonso et al., 2003;
MMA, 1998a, b).
In environmental studies and overall ICZM, there are
different techniques of assessment and diagnosis,
which often rely on the use of matrices for analysis,
with which you can evaluate different aspects and
impacts of environmental problems, conflicts, effects
on through a project, among others (IGAC, 1997a;
IGAC, 1997b, Becerra et al., 1998, Barragan, 2003).
The present study makes an adaptation of this
instrument, generating a matrix of criteria and analysis
of key parameters to be considered in land use plans,
to include coastal marine areas.
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Territorial land use planning and ICZM
In order to establish the connection between the
territorial land use planning and the ICZM as planning
processes, we create a parallel to facilitate the
identification of those ICZM elements which can
contribute to strengthen the territorial land use planning
processes. Taking into account that both processes have
similar conceptual, instrumental and technical elements,
ICZM may add those essential elements to improve the
territorial land use plans (Table 1).
Table 1 Comparative elements between the territorial land use planning and ICZM in Colombia
Comparison Element Territorial land use planning
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
It is the policy of the State that allows an
appropriate political-administrative organization
of the Nation (MMA, 1998a, b).
In Colombia, the ICZM has been adopted from a
National Policy called “
Environmental National Policy
for sustainable development of the oceanic spaces and
coastal and insular zones of Colombia
” (MMA, 2001)
Definition
It is a planning instrument that contributes
methods
and
procedures
bringing
the
development policies nearer to the specific
territorial issues. Is a prospective, democratic and
participative holistic process (IGAC, 1997a).
It is defined as a holistic, continuous, dynamic,
participative process and built under consensus, through
which decisions are taken for the sustainable use and the
protection of the coastal area and its resources in order to
reach the goals established in cooperation with the users
groups and the national, regional and local authorities
(Cicin-Sain et al., 2006; Clark, 1996; Kay and Alder, 2005)
Principles
Integrated
: holistic approach considering the
biophysical, economic, socio-cultural, political-
administrative and space (MMA, 1998a, b).
Articulator: harmony and coherence between the
sectorial and environmental development
policies at all territorial levels (MMA, 1998b).
Integration: considers all the physical, biological, social,
cultural, economic and institutional aspects in the
management. To orientate the ICZM, the integration may
be horizontal, among the different economic sectors and
the associated government units having influence over
the planning and management of the coastal resources; or
may give a vertical integration, among the different
government levels (national, regional and local)
(Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998).
Participative
: principle that seeks to give
legitimacy and viability to the process by
involving the different social actors (MMA,
1998a, b).
Participation: it is a vital aspect for decision making that
involves the actors with interests in the coastal area in a
communication and coordination space, for the
negotiation and agreement of the information use that is
produced over such area (Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998).
Prospective
: allows identifying the use and
occupation tendencies of the territory and the
impact the sectorial and macroeconomic policies
have over it (IGAC, 1997a, b).
Prospective: through this principle, the problematic and
consequent performances toward the future are set out
(Barragán, 2003; Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998).
Territorial Equilibrium
: seeks to reduce the
territorial unbalances and improve the life
conditions of the population by means of the
adequate distribution of activities and basic services,
the better functional organization of the territory and
its use possibilities (MMA, 1998a, b).
Social Equity: it tends to the improvement of the life
conditions of all the actors that are part of the coastal
area to be managed; the benefit given by the coastal area
resources as a public resource must be distributed in a
fair, balanced and responsible way (Barragán, 2003).
Environmental Sustainability
: guarantees that
the current use of the natural resources does not
prevent future generations its adequate use and
quality (MMA, 1998a, b)
Coastal Resources´ Continuance in Time: the sustainable use
of the ocean and coastal ecosystems implies using, taking
advantage and rationally and comprehensibly maintain its
resources, warrantee its permanence and the economical
opportunities of present and future generations and supply the
resources to improve the local communities welfare and its
presence in collective territories (Barragán, 2003).