International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.2, 8-16
13
et al., 1990). In this study, AST activities were lower than values reported in Esox luscius (252.00 to 583.8 IU/L),
Lenhardt (1992); Salmo salar (278.0 ±73.16 IU/L), Sandnes et al. (1988). But were higher than values reported in
Piaractus branchyponus (49.10 IU/L), Sakamoto et al. (2001). AST activities in the sampled
C. gariepinus
catfish
were similar to those reported in
Oreochromis nilocticus
(230.5 ±219.6 IU/L), Chen et al. (2002) while ALT
activities were higher than values reported for
Salmo salar
(6.00 IU/L), Sandnes et al. (1988); but were much
lower than values reported in
Oreochromis niloticus
(Chen et al., 2002) and in Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
(Tavares-Dias and Moraes, 2007).
Table 3b Serum biochemistry reference intervals of adult female
Clarias gariepinus
farmed in earth pond system in the Southern
Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
Parameter
Mean
Median
S.D
Q
1
Q
3
Minimum
Maximum
Total protein (g/dl)
39.06
39.21
2.02
37.70
40.44
33.74
41.44
Albumin (g/dl)
8.525
8.34
0.88
7.93
9.12
7.11
10.71
Globulin (g/dl)
30.50
31.01
2.15
29.06
31.94
24.11
33.22
A:G
3.63
3.65
0.49
3.29
3.96
2.5
4.4
AST (IU/L)
90.52
98.37
21.09
76.349
104.68
37.05
101.42
ALT (IU/L)
9.52
8.57
2.65
7.74
11.30
6.13
13.00
Glucose (mg/dl)
39.34
38.89
1.23
38.51
40.17
38.00
42.01
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
137.65
138.27
5.82
131.93
141.31
129.88
147.02
LDL (mg/dl)
122.49
122.98
3.22
121.11
125.06
113.88
126.44
HDL (mg/dl)
24.99
26.49
3.53
20.49
27.97
19.27
29.01
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
55.59
55.41
4.57
50.38
60.64
49.09
61.92
ALP (IU/L)
30.82
30.62
6.62
27.62
36.86
19.43
39.01
LDH (mg/dl)
41.85
40.21
6.64
36.74
49.99
29.27
54.04
Urea (mg/dl)
2.85
2.91
0.63
2.17
3.41
1.97
3.91
Creatinine (mg/dl)
0.292
0.28
0.081
0.225
0.28
0.18
0.42
UA (mg/dl)
1.309
1.24
0.170
1.20
1.24
1.07
1.63
Note: Q
1
and Q
3
represent the 25
th
and the 75
th
percentile respectively; A:G = Albumin-Globulin ratio; AST = Aspartate transaminase;
ALT = Alanine transaminase; LDL = Low density lipoproteins; HDL = High density Lipoproteins; ALP = Alkaline phosphatase;
LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase; UA = Uric acid
4.3 Serum alkaline phosphatase activity
Alkaline phosphatise (ALP) occurs in every tissue but its highest activities are found in the liver, bone, intestine
and kidney (Campbell, 2012) and also of diagnostic aid in degenerative hepato-biliary diseases (Peres et al., 2014).
Increases in serum ALP activity is most likely a result of hepatocellular injury and or biliary obstruction (Post,
1993). The serum alkaline phosphates activity of the sampled
C. gariepinus
catfish ranged from 18.53 to 42.11
IU/L with a median value of 22.40 IU/L. These values although similar to the values reported for
C. gariepinus
by
Myburgh et al. (2008), they were significantly higher than the values reported by Knowles et al. (2006) for
cultured Short Nose Sturgeon (
Acipenser brevinostrum
) and by Peres et al. in Senegalese sole (
Solae
senegalensis
).
4.4 Serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations
Creatinine is a metabolite of muscle creatine and urea is a product of the deamination of glucogenic amino acids
via the alanine cycle. Physiologically, the kidney excretes urea, uric acid and creatinine; hence the utility of the
serum concentration of these analytes as biomarkers for kidney function (Rock et al., 1987), and elevation of the
serum concentration of these analytes has been reported to be indicative of impairments of kidney function (Loeb,
1991). The serum creatinine concentration ranged between 0.17 and 0.48 mg/dl while the serum urea
concentration ranged from 1.98 to 4.12 mg/dl; this is similar to the findings of Yilmaz et al. (2006) and Myburgh
et al. (2008). The serum uric acid concentration ranged from 1.00 to 1.67 mg/dl, with the minimum value being
lower than values reported by Yilmaz et al. (2006) in the same fish species.
