International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.2, 8-16
10
Table 1 Water Quality Parameters (Mean value) of earthen ponds in fish farms at the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone
of Nigeria
Parameters
Sampling Area
Abuja (9.08°N, 7.40°E)
Lafia (8.51°N,8.52°E)
Makurdi (7.73°N, 8.54°E)
Number of farms sampled
10
10
10
Hardness (mg/l CaCO
3
)
168.00 ±10.19
142.39 ±17.04
151.44 ±13.11
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
5.62 ±1.07
4.97 ±1.91
5.24 ±1.56
Temperature (°C)
21.3 ±2.01
29.60 ±1.65
29.00 ±1.09
Electrical Conductivity
296.62 ±5.18
344.15 ±12.05
415.09 ±17.24
Total Dissolved Solids
720.11 ±23.74
665.06 ±37.05
786.13 ±58.22
PH
7.28 ±0.02
8.11 ±1.05
7.78 ±1.04
3.1 Selected serum biochemistry values of
Clarias gariepinus
sampled earthen ponds in the Southern
Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
The serum biochemistry results for juvenile males and juvenile females collected from the three sampling areas
were not different form one another, and are as presented in Table 2a and Table 2b. The Serum total protein
ranged from 31.22 g/dl
to 42.11 g/dl with the 25
th
percentile (Q
1
) having a serum total protein value of 33.55 g/dl
while the 75
th
percentile (Q
3
) had a value of 38.05 g/dl (Table 2a). Serum glucose ranged between 17.18 mg/dl
and 26.33 mg/dl while the AST values for male juvenile
C. gariepinus
ranged between 90.78 IU/L and 101.91
IU/L with a 25
th
percentile and 75
th
percentile values of 60.105 IU/L and 100.24 IU/L respectively. In this group
of fish, serum cholesterol concentration ranged from 91.00 to 99.09 mg/dl, and serum triglycerides concentration
ranged between 77.21 and 83.67 mg/dl with a median value of 78.99 mg/dl (Table 2a). In juvenile female
C.
gariepinus
, the serum globulin concentration ranged from 8.39 g/dl to 50.83 g/dl with a 25
th
percentile and 75
th
percentile values of 26.85 g/dl and 41.87 g/dl as shown in Table 2b. These values are significantly (P < 0.05)
higher than values obtained for serum albumin (Table 2b).
Table 2a Serum biochemistry reference intervals of juvenile male
Clarias gariepinus
farmed in earth pond systems in the Southern
Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
Parameter
Mean
Median
S.D
Q
1
Q
3
Minimum
Maximum
Total protein (g/dl)
35.98
34.44
3.61
33.55
38.05
31.22
42.11
Albumin (g/dl)
8.61
8.92
0.96
7.97
9.26
7.11
9.19
Globulin (g/dl)
27.36
26.42
3.38
25.90
29.63
22.22
32.92
A:G
3.20
3.1
0.52
2.85
3.55
2.50
4.40
AST (IU/L)
82.67
93.47
33.60
60.11
105.24
90.78
101.91
ALT(IU/L)
15.38
17.19
6.14
11.26
19.50
12.55
23.65
Glucose (mg/dl)
20.73
21.07
2.53
19.03
22.43
17.18
26.33
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
94.14
93.39
2.48
92.74
95.69
91.00
99.09
LDL (mg/dl)
70.71
69.77
2.12
69.45
72.73
67.99
74.68
HDL (mg/dl)
11.61
12.23
1.37
10.73
12.25
9.00
13.04
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
79.71
78.99
1.90
78.21
81.39
77.21
83.67
ALP (IU/L)
25.83
22.40
5.39
21.68
22.40
18.53
37.60
LDH (mg/dl)
38.56
39.52
7.667
31.19
44.06
28.05
54.03
Urea (mg/dl)
2.46
2.43
0.35
2.19
2.57
1.98
3.55
Creatinine (mg/dl)
0.281
0.265
0.065
0.225
0.335
0.19
0.39
UA (µmol/l)
1.199
1.175
0.152
1.09
1.255
1.00
1.51
Note: Q
1
and Q
3
represent the 25
th
and the 75
th
percentile respectively; A:G = Albumin-Globulin ratio; AST = Aspartate transaminase;
ALT = Alanine transaminase; LDL = Low density lipoproteins; HDL = High density Lipoproteins; ALP = Alkaline phosphatase;
LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase; UA = Uric acid
