International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No.21, 134-138
134
Research Report Open Access
Epiphytic and Ice-ice Diseases of Seaweed,
Kappaphycus alvarezii
and its Effect
on Growth Rate and Carrageenan Quality
Alexander Rantetondok , Gunarto Latama
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No.21 doi
Received: 08 Sep., 2017
Accepted: 31 Oct., 2017
Published: 30 Nov., 2017
Copyright © 2017
Rantetondok and Latama, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Rantetondok A., and Latama G., 2017, Epiphytic and ice-ice diseases of seaweed,
Kappaphycus alvarezii
and its effect on growth rate and carrageenan quality,
International Journal of Aquaculture, 7(21): 134-138 (doi
Abstract
Seaweed is an important export commodity, making a substantial contribution to the income of coastal fish farmers in
South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In particular, kappa carrageenan from
Kappaphycus alvarezii
is a widely used raw material in the
pharmaceutical, food, and other industries and Indonesia is currently ranked as the top carrageenan-producing sea weed exporting
country. Crop failure in seaweed cultivation is mostly caused by disease. In
Kappaphycus alvarezii
crops, ice-ice and epiphytic
diseases have been identified, and more information is required to develop ways to control these diseases. This study aimed to
investigate these diseases and their effect on growth and carrageenan quality in this species. The research was conducted in Malosoro
Bay, Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi. Observations on the effect of disease on seaweeds grown using a long line culture method
were conducted “insitu”. Observation on carrageenan quality was conducted in the laboratory using a Completely Randomized
Design. Growth and carrageenan content data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA. The results showed that presence of these
diseases had a significant effect (P<0.05) on
K. alvarezii
growth, thallus strength and integrity, and carrageenan content.
Keywords
Carrageenan; Ice-ice; Disease; Epiphytic;
Kappaphycus alvarezii
; Seaweed
1 Background
Indonesia is the leading seaweed producer in the world (FAO, 2016). Currently, the seaweed export from
Indonesia has reached 169,113 tons per year or equivalent to USD$ 134,348,000 (Statistics Department of
Commerce, 2012) where Sulawesi contributes approximately 60% of the volume. The cultured seaweed in
Sulawesi is dominated by
Kappaphycus
spp. foremost
K. alvarezii
.
Presently, there are several problems faced by the seaweed farmers in Sulawesi that the cultured seaweed has
infected by diseases for example epiphyte parasites and ice-ice diseases. Besides that, the quality of the seed is
also gradually decreased due to multiple used of the thallus. These conditions led to the production decline and
even threatened to harvest failure (Afrianto and Liviawati, 1993).
Post-harvest handling is still constrained in conjunction with the drying mainly in the rainy season and drying
technique is simple and does not consider the quality of seaweed on the results of the process of drying on the
sand, roadside and other techniques that do not support to find the products seaweed quality. Seaweed processing
is also just up the seaweed processing of raw materials or semi-finished namely dried seaweed, which is processed
into chips and semi refine carrageenan, then exported.
The low attention to make a plan in order to increase the maximum added value as a plan activities that make an
assessment at the stage of implementation of an activity from upstream to downstream or from aquaculture
production to production-ready material. Seaweed production is currently based solely on a two (2) genus that is
Kappaphycus
spp. reared in sea and
Gracillaria
spp. reared in brackish-water ponds which both the genus was
first developed in the Philippines. Indonesia is rich in germplasm which very clear for the discovery of the species
of seaweed which have an important economic value. These are needs to be studied and developed in the future.
In the social aspect, aquaculture often leads to social tensions that have the potential for conflict in respect of the
use of transportation of fishing grounds for fishermen and seaweed farming activities. For economic issues,
