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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.09 55
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63
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Table 2 Number and proportion of polymorphic bands for each primer
Primer Codes
No. of Bands Scored Total Polymorphic Bands
Overall Proportion of Polymorphism (%) Size Range (BP)
OPA
1
15
6
40
300
-
1200
OPA
3
21
6
28.57
200
-
1600
OPA
4
15
7
46.67
300
-
1000
OPA
9
20
8
40
200
-
800
OPA
10
17
9
52.94
200
-
2000
Table 3 Number and percentages of polymorphic bands, total number of bands and gene diversity obtained from different
experimental groups
Sex Ratios
1 ♂ : 2 ♀
1 ♂ : 1 ♀
2 ♂ : 1 ♀
Control
Total no. of bands
19
25
17
27
Total no. of polymorphic bands
06
12
04
14
Rate of Polymorphism (%)
32
48
24
52
Gene diversity (H)
0.06
0.09
0.05
0.10
Overall no. of polymorphic bands across the sex ratios: 22
Overall % of polymorphic loci across the sex ratios: 41
Overall gene diversity for all loci: 0.10
Table 4 Population differentiation (θ or F
ST
) at 5% level of significance, gene flow (N
m
) and pair-wise genetic distance (D) values
between the treatment combinations (sex ratios)
Population pairs
F
ST
±SD
Genetic Distance (D)
1♂: 1♀ vs. 1♂: 2♀
0.048* ±0.031 (0.021
-
0.102)
0.010
1♂: 1♀ vs. Control
0.019 ±0.012 (0.007
-
0.038)
0.007
1♂: 1♀ vs. 2♂: 1♀
0.063* ±0.038 (0.039
-
0.113)
0.012
1♂: 2♀ vs. Control
0.054* ±0.032 (0.032
-
0.109)
0.011
2♂: 1♀ vs. Control
0.071* ±0.043 (0.036
-
0.117)
0.012
1♂: 2♀ vs. 2♂: 1♀
0.032 ±0.024 (0.022
-
0.053)
0.008
All the sex ratios (across all the experimental groups/populations)
-
Note: *p<0.05 and statistically significant
Figure 6 UPGMA dendrogram of giant fresh water prawn PLs
based on Nei’s (1973) genetic distance according to RAPD
analysis
also obtained by Rao (1991) and Cavallo et al. (2001).
They observed that the larvae hatched from the larger
berried prawn’s exhibit better growth and
metamorphosis, resulting in a shorter larval culture
period. Thus, brood banks of giant freshwater prawn
can be established to get quality brood and thereby
obtaining good quality seed which is a prerequisite for
successful aquaculture program. Establishment of
brood banks will reduce huge pressure on natural seeds.
Variations in the number of alleles have been observed
in
M. rosenbergii
by different authors; e.g., 12-18
(Chand et al., 2005), 5-17 (Chareontawee et al., 2006),
4-20 (Charoentawee et al., 2007), 3-12 (Bhassu et al.,
2008), 3-16 (Divu et al., 2008), 10-20 (Karaket et al.,
2011) and 3-25 (Schneider et al., 2012). The number
of alleles observed by Khan et al. (2014) ranged from
5 to 14 were consistent with those of Chareontawee et
al. (2006) and Divu et al. (2008) but higher than
reported in a wild population in India (Schneider et al.,
2012). See et al., (2008) worked with 11 distinct
populations of giant freshwater prawn in Malaysia and
found >95% polymorphism and even 100%
polymorphism among four different populations. The
highest level of intra-population SI value was obtained