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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.11 67
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72
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70
Table 1 Percentage larval mortality of
D. maculatus
treated with different concentrations of
P. fraternus
powder
Treatment A
Treatment B
Conc./
Hours after infestation
Conc
Hours after infestation
15g fish
24h
48h
72h
96h
120h
15g/fish 24h
48h
72h
96h
120h
0g
0.0
0.0
12.29
12.29
18.44 0g
0.0
6.15
15.00
15.00
21.15
1.0g
12.29
23.84
40.78
54.78
63.93 3.5g
6.14
30.45
30.45
39.15
42.99
2.0g
12.29
26.07
48.84
52.86
66.15 4.0g
12.29
26.07
35.01
41.15
45.00
2.5g
15.00
30.99
45.00
61.22
71.56 4.5g
26.07
30.99
38.85
46.93
52.78
3.0g
28.78
39.06
55.07
75.00
83.85 5.0g
12.29
33.00
46.92
61.70
63.93
LSD
ns
11.33
15.68
15.68
11.21
LSD
16.16
13.63
17.34
15.17
23.73
The larval mortality week after infestation was
presented in Table 2. The results show that at a week
after infestation (WAI) no mortality was observed in
dish treated with 2.5g and 3g leave powder. Same for
2
nd
WAI and the mortality rate was not that
significantly different (P<0.05) when compared
statistically in treatment A (Table 2). While in treatment
B there was significant difference (P<0.05) at 1
st
WAI
with 5g treatment having the highest larval mortality
(83.85%) and at 2
nd
WAI there existed no significant
difference (P>0.05) among the treatments; although, highest
mortality rate was recorded at 4g and 4.5g (Table 2).
Table 2 Percentage larval mortality of
D. maculatus
treated with different concentration of
P. fraternus
powder weeks after infestation
Treatment A
Treatment B
Conc./
Weeks after infestation
Conc./
Weeks after infestation
15g fish
1st
2nd
20g fish
1st
2nd
0g
39.15
48.84
0g
33.00
48.93
1.0g
77.71
60.00
3.5g
61.92
53.85
2.0g
60.00
30.00
4.0g
46.92
90.00
2.5g
0.00
30.00
4.5g
59.22
90.00
3.0g
0.00
0.00
5.0g
83.85
30.00
LSD
ns
ns
LSD
23.73
ns
Weight loss as a result of the activities of
D.
maculatus
showed a trend that reflected the number of
surviving larvae and adult that emerged from the
respective treatment dishes. However, the plant
powder suppressed weight loss, although the observed
differences were not significant statistically between
the treatments.
The phytochemical analysis of the plant shows that
the plant possesses the following constituents:
Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins and Kelakellani
(glycosides) (Table 3, 4).
Table 3 Adult emergence of
D. maculatus
and percentage weight loss due to infestation on fish samples treated with different
concentration of
P. fraternus
powder
Adult emergence
Percentage weight loss
Conc./
Conc./
Conc./
Conc./
15g fish A
20g fish B
15g fish A
20g fish B
0g
2.12
0g
1.50
0g
11.08
0g
11.31
1.0g
0.83
3.5g
0.94
1.0g
6.30
3.5g
8.00
2.0g
0.83
4.0g
0.83
2.0g
6.01
4.0g
6.95
2.5g
0.50
4.5g
0.83
2.5g
5.74
4.5g
6.95
3.0g
0.50
5.0g
0.83
3.0g
5.74
5.0g
6.27
LSD
0.67
ns
1.13
2.99