Triticeae Genomics and Genetics 2015, Vol.6, No.2, 1-7
1
Research Report Open Access
Biochemical Characterization of Bread Wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) Genotypes
Based on SDS-PAGE
D. Sharma, V. Saharan, A. Joshi , D. Jain
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-
313 001, India
Corresponding author email: Email:
Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2015, Vol.6, No.2 doi: 10.5376/tgg.2015.06.0002
Received: 23 Feb., 2015
Accepted: 15 Mar., 2015
Published: 20 Apr., 2015
Copyright
©
2015
Sharma et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Sharma et al., 2015, Biochemical Characterization of Bread Wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) Genotypes Based on SDS-PAGE, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics,
Vol.6, No.2 1
-
7 (doi:
10.5376/tgg.2015.06.0002
)
Abstract
Genetic diversity of twelve Indian wheat genotypes was assessed on the basis of seed storage protein profiling on 10 and
15% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Out of twelve genotypes, six genotypes are resistant
to salinity, whereas remaining are susceptible. Genetic diversity was calculated using Shannon index, Nei’s index and unweighted
pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis by constructing an electrogram of fragments of proteins, which
were used to calculate Jaccard’s similarity coefficients between these varieties. Seed storage protein analyzed by 15 subunits ranging
from 14.3-97.4 KDa protein molecular weight marker (PMW-M). The similarity coefficient ranged from 29% to 100%. The detected
variation could be used to provide useful information on individual enzymes or transporters, activity as well as modification of
structural protein, protein-protein interactions and stress dependent protein movement and can be used to classify adapted cultivars to
improve the efficiency of wheat breeding programmes.
Keywords
Bread wheat; Salinity; Diversity analysis; SDS-PAGE; Similarity coefficient
Abbrevations:
DNA: Deoxy Ribose Nucleic Acid; SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,
HMW: High Molecular Weight, UPGMA: Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean, NTSYS-PC: Numerical
Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System Program
Introduction
Wheat (
Triticum aestivum
) is a member of poaceae
family and believed to be originated from the Middle
East region of Asia. Wheat (
Triticum
spp.) is one of
the cereals extensively grown throughout the world in
more than 50 countries and wheat flour is used to
produce biscuits, prepare bread, confectionary
products, noodles and vital wheat gluten or seitan.
Wheat is also used as animal feed, brewing of wheat
beer, for ethanol production, wheat based raw material
for cosmetics (Kumar et al., 2011). It seems necessary
to conserve genetic diversity for the improvement of
future varieties. Thereby significant research on
genetic resource characterization has been done on
major cereals including rice, wheat and maize using
morphological characters. Fresh water is becoming an
increasingly inadequate resource worldwide requiring
enhancement of water productivity in agriculture
(Pereira, 2006). Salinity affects about 1000 million
hectares land globally posing a difficult task of taking
up agriculture and enhancing productivity in these
areas. About 100 million ha in South and South-East
Asia are covered by problem soils where rice is the
staple crop. In India, 6.73 million ha land is salt
affected, out of which 3.77 and 2.96 million ha are
covered sodic and saline soils, respectively.
Harnessing the potential and discreet management of
such salt afflicted soils can play a significant role in
escalating and sustaining the national and global food
security. Various morphological, molecular and
biochemical methods are available to analyze genetic
diversity in segregating lines, germplasms and
breeding lines. Evaluation of genetic diversity in
wheat has been on differences in morphological and
agronomic traits or pedigree information (Bernard et
al.,
1998). These methods have relied on, pedigree,
morphological, agronomic performance, biochemical
and molecular (DNA-based) data (Mohammadi and
Prasanna, 2003). Previously morphological traits are
used to analyze genetic diversity but they were time
consuming and have large trait and environment
interaction. Use of molecular marker can increase
