Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 285-293 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 289 only reflected in the reduction of diseases, but also in the improvement of plant health, survival rate and final yield, providing more convincing evidence for subsequent disease resistance recovery and practical application (Ahmed et al., 2024). 6 Case Studies 6.1 Study on CRISPR-mediated knockout of VdSOD1 restoring resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton The reaction mechanism of cotton to Fusarium wilt has always been inseparable from REDOX metabolism, especially the role of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD. Many studies have mentioned that once the expression of SOD-related genes decreases, the defense response of cotton will weaken accordingly, and its disease resistance will also decline. Since cotton itself relies on SOD, pathogens may also use a similar mechanism to counteract oxidative stress in plants. So, some studies attempted to directly knock out VdSOD1 in the VdSOD1 fungus to see what would happen. It was found that after this gene was knocked out, the pathogenic bacteria responded ineffectively to the oxidative attack of the host, resulting in a significant decrease in the degree of disease (Figure 2) (Zhang et al., 2025; Zhao et al., 2025). This also makes people more optimistic about the potential of CRISPR to intervene in the key resistance mechanisms of pathogens, especially in the prevention and control of cotton wilt disease. Figure 2 Colony morphology and biological characteristics of the offspring strains of Vd076. A Colony morphology of the offspring strains; B Hyphal growth rate of the offspring strains; C Spore yield of the offspring strains (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2025)
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