Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 266-275 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 271 Figure 1 The β-diversity analysis (a, b) on different wheat varieties and species distribution (c, d). PCoA analysis on rhizosphere bacteria (a) and fungi (b) in wheat. Species distributions of four wheat rhizosphere bacteria (c) and fungi (d) are plotted from left to right with the top ten relative abundances at the phylum, class, and genus taxonomic levels (Adopted from Li et al., 2023) 7.2 Microbial inoculation experiments and high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms If omics technology is about identifying potential strains, then inoculation experiments are about on-site "assessment". At present, the main way to verify the functions of microorganisms is to combine different microorganisms into plants by synthesizing microbial communities or directly transplanting them from soil to see if they are effective. But relying solely on visual inspection is definitely not enough. The addition of the high-throughput plant phenotypic platform enables these experiments to have a large amount of data but not low efficiency, and can quickly determine whether the plant expressions under different genotypes or environments have really been "helped" (Kusstatscher et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2023). This combination approach has been used to screen for more disease-resistant or stronger plant-microbial combinations, providing solid evidence for subsequent targeted breeding and field promotion (Araujo et al., 2024). 7.3 Prospects of the “microbiome–plant dual optimization” model in disease-resistance breeding Not all breeding strategies focus solely on plant genes; the current approach is more complex. The so-called "bidirectional optimization of microorganisms and plants" is precisely such an idea - while choosing plants, they are also picking their microbial partners. The core of this model is "double selection": screening both the genetic types of plants and using synthetic communities or mutualistic soils to pick suitable microorganisms, with the goal
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