Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 246-256 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 253 cropping time extends, the soil microbiome begins to feedback and adjust and enters a new steady state. Some studies have found that after wheat has been continuously cultivated for more than 5 years, some beneficial bacteria such as antagonistic actinomycetes and pseudomonas in the soil gradually recovered and occupied the ecological niche, suppressing pathogenic bacteria, and the soil showed a certain degree of disease suppression (Figure 2) (Cho et al., 2024). Functional convergence of rhizosphere microorganisms was also observed in the long-term wheat system, that is, although the population may decrease, the core functions remain stable. This shows that the soil microbiota retains key functions under long-term "filtration" of root exudates by adjusting its composition, which is also a manifestation of homeostasis (Chen et al., 2019; Usyskin-Tonne et al., 2021). Figure 2 Nitrogen fixation test of isolated and obtained influencers (Adopted from Cho et al., 2024) Image caption: (A) The ability of nitrogen fixation is evaluated by measuring the absorbance at 602 nm after a two-week incubation in semi-solid NFb media. Significantly grouping letters are determined using Conover’s test. (B) The color changes in bromothymol blue are observed after 1 month (Adopted from Cho et al., 2024) 8 Conclusion and Outlook This study focuses on wheat root exudates and their effects on soil microbiota, and systematically reviews the latest progress in related fields. The main conclusions include the complex and diverse composition of wheat root exudates; the role of root exudates through selective feeding and chemical signaling; the symbiotic interaction between wheat and typical growth-promoting bacteria; in particular, the study of wheat root exudates organically integrates traditional plant nutrition, soil microbiology and plant pathology, revealing the essential rules of plants regulating the underground biosphere through chemical pathways, and deepening our understanding of the crop-microbe collaborative adaptation mechanism. There is huge potential in applying the root exudate-microbe interaction mechanism to agricultural production. In terms of crop breeding, root exudates can be used as indicators of emerging traits. In the development of microbial inoculants, compound functional inoculants can be customized according to the characteristics of wheat root exudates. In terms of soil management, farming systems can be optimized using the principles of root exudates. In the field of pesticides and regulators, root secretion signals can be simulated to develop green products. Agronomic technologies focusing on the regulation of root exudates will help reduce the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve resource utilization and crop stress resistance, and meet the current development needs of green and sustainable agriculture. Although important progress has been made in research on the interaction between wheat root exudates and soil microorganisms, there are still many scientific issues worthy of further exploration: We currently have an
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