Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 236-245 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 241 predicted in the future. Gene editing can be used to perform "targeted reskinning" of multiple sites within a genome - for example, editing the alleles of several important disease resistance QTLs into beneficial variants, and adjusting related regulatory elements at the same time, thereby transforming the disease resistance genetic structure of a variety in one step. This kind of genome design breeding based on big data and editing technology is expected to greatly improve breeding efficiency and success rate. Figure 2 Tissue-specific expression of OsSWEET14(Adopted from Zeng et al., 2020) Image caption: a Detection of OsSWEET14 transcripts in different rice tissues by qRT-PCR. b-g GUS staining in different tissues of pOsSWEET14: GUS transgenic plants in the Zhonghua 11 background, including the stem (b), leaf sheath (c), leaf blade (d), spikelet (e), anther (f) and seedling (g). Scale bars, 250 μM (b-d) and 1 mm (e-g) (Adopted from Zeng et al., 2020) 6 Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Resistance and Functional Genomic Research 6.1 The mechanism of action of major rice blast resistance genes (such as Pi series genes) There are many types of major rice blast resistance genes (Pi genes), and the products they encode recognize the effector proteins of M. oryzae and stimulate immunity. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on the molecular mechanisms of multiple Pi genes. For example, the Pik series genes encode NLR proteins containing slim domains, and their LRR regions can directly physically bind to the bacterial effector protein AVR-Pik. Structural biology studies have revealed that the HMA subdomain of the Pik receptor protein is the key to recognizing AVR-Pik, and small differences in the HMA region determine the lineage of effectors
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