Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 217-225 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 224 the performance of the bacterial agents. You can also adjust farming management to enrich indigenous beneficial bacteria, such as planting green manure, returning straw to fields and other measures to increase soil organic matter, thereby improving the rhizosphere microbiome "in situ". When using microbial inoculants, attention should be paid to evaluating the long-term effects to ensure that the original microbial balance of the soil will not be disturbed. Through the combination of artificial intervention and microecological restoration, the rhizosphere microbial community beneficial to wheat can be rebuilt and strengthened. 8.3 Interactive responses in the context of climate change Global climate change will reshape the interaction between wheat roots and microorganisms. Rising temperatures may prolong the active period of microorganisms. Moderate warming is beneficial to improving rhizosphere function, but continued high temperatures will inhibit wheat roots and intensify the prevalence of certain diseases. In terms of changes in precipitation patterns, frequent droughts will make wheat more dependent on drought-tolerant microbial partners (such as bacteria that promote root proliferation and water retention), while soil water accumulation caused by frequent heavy rainfall will destroy the rhizosphere balance, and anaerobic harmful bacteria may increase. Increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration can enhance wheat photosynthesis and increase root carbon input, thereby promoting the prosperity and nutrient supply of symbiotic microorganisms (such as mycorrhizal fungi) to a certain extent. At the same time, climate warming may cause some pathogenic bacteria to spread and increase disease pressure on wheat, which requires stronger beneficial microbial interactions to resist. In order to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, more stress-tolerant wheat varieties should be cultivated and combined with technologies such as microbial inoculants to maintain the robustness of rhizosphere interactions and ensure the security of future food production. Acknowledgements In the course of completing this study, we would like to thank the members of my research group for their support and collaboration. We also wish to express my gratitude to the two experts for their valuable review comments. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Aasfar A., Kadmiri I., Azaroual S.E., Lemriss S., Mernissi N.E., Bargaz A., Zeroual Y., and Hilali A., 2024, Agronomic advantage of bacterial biological nitrogen fixation on wheat plant growth under contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus regimes, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1388775. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1388775 Azaroual S., Hazzoumi Z., Mernissi N., Aasfar A., Kadmiri I., and Bouizgarne B., 2020, Role of inorganic phosphate solubilizing Bacilli isolated from moroccan phosphate rock mine and rhizosphere soils in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) phosphorus uptake, Current Microbiology, 77: 2391-2404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02046-8 Bhattacharyya P., and Jha D., 2011, Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 1327-1350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0979-9 Chai R., Li F., Gao Y., Liu D., Shang R., Yang Y., Yu J., Zhou C., Li Y., Song A., and Qiu L., 2024, Unveiling preferred chemoattractants for rhizosphere PGPR colonization by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, Comput. Electron. Agric., 225: 109266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.109266 Dahiya P., Kaushik R., and Sindhu A., 2020, An introduction to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria antifungal metabolites biosynthesis using PRPR with reference to Pseudomonas species and it’s other characteristics like antagonistic and biocontrolling properties, IRJAS, 2: 95-100. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjash.2020.205 Dilla-Ermita C.J., Lewis R.W., Sullivan T.S., and Hulbert S.H., 2021, Wheat genotype-specific recruitment of rhizosphere bacterial microbiota under controlled environments, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 718264. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.718264 Huang D.D., 2025, Role of mycorrhizal associations in wheat nutrition, Molecular Soil Biology, 16(3): 150-161. https://doi.org/10.5376/msb.2025.16.0015 Iannucci A., Canfora L., Nigro F., Vita P., and Beleggia R., 2021, Relationships between root morphology root exudate compounds and rhizosphere microbial community in durum wheat, Applied Soil Ecology, 158: 103781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103781
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