Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 171-181 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 177 has been at the forefront of research in this field in recent years, and has accumulated a batch of germplasm materials and genes that are resistant to stripe disease. These resistant resources are gradually opened to the international community through bilateral or multilateral cooperation. Important forms of germplasm resource sharing also include the establishment of public databases and information platforms. Now researchers can query reported disease-resistant genes and material information through databases. For example, IRRI's GeneWiki or Gramene database lists the sources of each Xa gene and corresponding varieties. For emerging fields such as anti-stripe disease, a globally shared information database is being formed to enable timely communication of discoveries in different laboratories. 6 Case Analysis: Successfully Breeding Rice Varieties with Antibacterial Stripe Disease 6.1 Case background and research objects The backbone species of indica rice that is widely planted in the rice area of South China is highly sensitive to bacterial stripe disease, and genetic genes that can effectively resist this disease have been found in wild rice resources (He et al., 2010). 9311 is a hybrid rice recovery line widely grown in China. It has large ears and many grains, high yields and stable yields, but it is not resistant to white leaf blight and bacterial strabular disease, and is seriously damaged in the epidemic year. On the other hand, a common wild rice material DY19 was found in the screening of wild rice resources in Guangxi, and its offspring genetic analysis showed that this resistance was controlled by a dominant main effect gene (Figure 3), namely the bls2 gene (Tang et al., 2022). The breeding work was jointly carried out by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and South China Agricultural University, and was launched in 2015. The research subjects include: anti-source parent wild rice DY19, receptor parent indica rice 9311, and isolated offspring groups from each generation derived from the two. Through this case, we can understand the complete process of disease-resistant genes from discovery and introduction to new product creation, as well as the application of molecular breeding technology in it. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of rice inoculation and sampling (Adopted from Tang et al., 2022) Image caption: Three rice plants A, B and C were inoculated with 5 leaves each, leaves 1, 2 were inoculated once for the measurement of diseased spots; leaves 3~5 were used for transcriptome sequencing, and each leaf was inoculated 3 times, and the inoculation interval was 1 cm. The T-1 region of the leaves of three rice plants was collected as biological repeat 1 and the T-2 region and T-3 region as biological repeat 2 and 3, respectively (Adopted from Tang et al., 2022) 6.2 Disease resistance and agronomic trait performance The four new rice varieties (named Y9-1, Y9-2, Y9-3, Y9-4) finally bred showed excellent characteristics in disease resistance and comprehensive traits. First of all, the disease resistance: the multi-point multi-strain inoculation identification results show that these new lines are significantly resistant to both white leaf blight and bacterial plaque bacteria, among which the resistance to bacterial plaque disease is particularly prominent. Taking the inoculation of the dominant pathogenic strain GX01 in Guangxi as an example, the average lesions length of the new strain was only about 1.5 cm, while the lesions length of the control variety 9311 exceeded 15 cm, which shows that the disease resistance was extremely significant. According to the IRRI resistance grading criteria, these new lines can be rated as high resistance (HR) or medium-high resistance (MR) levels (Ma et al., 2021).
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