Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 159-170 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 167 made it different in recognition of Striped Squat and Powdery (Abbas et al., 2024). For example, the broad-spectrum slow rust gene Yr18 is actually a manifestation of the multi-anti-gene Lr34, and the encoded ATP-binding transporter plays a role in the defense of multiple diseases. These findings elucidate the association between resistance to different diseases and provide a genomic basis for cultivating multi-resistant varieties. Figure 2 Major migration routes of Pst from sources in China (Adopted from Li et al., 2023) 7.3 Successful cases of breeding of wheat varieties with anti-stripe rust based on molecular means Wheat stripe rust breeding has always been a process of racing against pathogens, but with the support of molecular biology, this process is accelerating and the results are more significant. The cultivation of wheat stripe rust-resistant varieties in China is one of the successful cases. In the southwest region, after years of cooperation, the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed varieties such as "Sichuan Agricultural 18" that are both resistant to strip rust and white powder. Behind it, two types of genes such as Yr24 and Pm21 are aggregated, and there has been no large-scale disease in the fields for many years. The success of these varieties has enabled China to achieve "effective prevention and control" of stripe rust in the late 2010s (Zou et al., 2018). Another successful case comes from gene editing-enabled disease-resistant breeding. In 2022, the Chinese scientific research team used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out TaPsIPK1 multi-locus loci on high-yield wheat varieties, and cultivated multiple broad-spectrum mutation systems that resist stripe rust. These materials have no significant differences in major agronomic traits such as disease resistance under natural prevalence conditions and their yields are not significantly different from those of the control varieties (Figure 3) (Wang et al., 2022). This suggests that directed modification of the wheat genome by molecular means can "directly upgrade" its disease resistance within a variety without going through a long-term hybrid backcrossing process. These disease-resistant mutants are expected to further introduce raw product varieties through conventional hybridization, so that farmers can benefit from the disease-resistant advantages of the new varieties without additional investment.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==