Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 111-120 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 114 Figure 2 Flow charts of field experiments for peanut disease investigation, identification of potential pathogens and pot experiment (Adopted from Zhou et al., 2023) At the same time, non-host plants can compete with pathogens at the niche level, such as competing for soil space, water, carbon sources and other resources. Some studies have found that the roots of non-host plants can attract antagonistic bacteria to colonize and reduce the number of pathogens through competitive exclusion (Yang et al., 2023). 3.2 Regulation mechanism of rhizosphere microenvironment of non-host plants 3.2.1 Inhibition of pathogens by root secretions The root secretions of non-host plants contain a variety of allelopathic compounds such as organic acids, phenolic substances, and flavonoids, which have significant antibacterial activity. For example, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) releases isothiocyanates during decomposition, which can inhibit the growth of fungi such as Phytophthora and Fusarium (Mason et al., 2023). The roots of some leguminous plants secrete quercetin-like substances, which can interfere with the synthesis process of pathogen cell walls and reduce their infection ability (Ali et al., 2022). In addition, root secretions can also regulate the surrounding pH and redox environment, indirectly inhibiting the reproduction of pathogens. For example, wheat roots release oxalic acid, malic acid, etc., which can bind to calcium ions, affect the penetration mechanism of hyphae, and thus block their colonization behavior (De Corato et al., 2020). 3.2.2 Dynamic reconstruction of microbial communities Non-host plants affect the structure of microbial communities by changing the distribution of rhizosphere carbon sources and the composition of signal substances, promoting the colonization of disease-antagonistic
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