Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 111-120 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 112 At the same time, non-host plants can produce allelopathic inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms through root secretion of special metabolites (Ali et al., 2022). Its crop rotation method can also increase soil enzyme activity and organic matter content, thereby enhancing the competitive advantage of pathogenic antagonistic microorganisms and significantly reducing disease index and incidence (Yang et al., 2023). As a long-term, ecological, and sustainable farming method, the crop rotation system not only meets the strategic needs of "green prevention and control, ecological agriculture" in the development of modern agriculture, but also effectively solves the drawbacks of traditional disease prevention measures with high input and high pollution in practice. This article will focus on common diseases of Solanaceae crops, ecological mechanisms of non-host plants, field rotation prevention effects and soil health succession, systematically analyze the disease prevention effects and practical value of non-host rotation, and propose prospects for future application and promotion. 2 Common Diseases and Epidemic Mechanisms of Solanaceae Crops 2.1 Major soil-borne diseases such as wilt and bacterial wilt Among solanaceous crops, wilt and bacterial wilt are the two most common and serious soil-borne diseases, which have a lasting impact on crop yield and quality. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is mainly caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). The pathogen often invades the plant through wounds or natural cracks in the root system, reproduces in the ducts and releases toxins, eventually leading to blockage of the transport system. The plant shows chronic wilting, yellowing of leaves, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies (Rhouma et al., 2024). FOL has a strong ability to adapt to the environment and can lurk in the soil in the form of thick-walled spores for a long time. It is the main source of recurring diseases in facility agriculture (De Corato et al., 2020). Bacterial wilt is caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, especially preferring high temperature and high humidity environmental conditions. The pathogen infects through roots or wounds, quickly enters the xylem, destroys the water transport channel, and causes the plant to wilt suddenly in a short period of time and is difficult to recover (Wang et al., 2023). It has various transmission routes and can spread rapidly in the field with the help of irrigation water, infected agricultural tools, diseased seedlings, and diseased soil. The study by Meshram and Adhikari (2024) intuitively demonstrated the invasion mechanism and pathogenic process of the two main pathogens, Fusarium and Ralstonia, in plant roots. Both enter from the rhizosphere, disrupt the normal physiological activities of plants by destroying the structure of the vascular system or causing tissue necrosis, and ultimately lead to wilting or death. The diagram also emphasizes the soil survival state of the pathogen and the external transmission mode, providing intuitive support for understanding the occurrence mechanism of soil-borne diseases (Figure 1) (Meshram and Adhikari, 2024). In addition, Solanaceae crops are also susceptible to the disease caused by Phytophthora capsici, which is more common in pepper fields with continuous cropping. The oomycete spreads through water bodies, develops rapidly, has a short incubation period, and often causes concentrated outbreaks under high humidity conditions (Mason et al., 2023). The common characteristics of these soil-borne diseases are strong adaptability, rapid spread, and difficulty in prevention and control. Therefore, a deep understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms is particularly critical for formulating scientific crop rotation and prevention and control strategies. 2.2 Life cycle and spread pathways of pathogenic microorganisms Soil-borne disease pathogens have a relatively hidden way of survival and transmission. They often survive in the soil for a long time in the form of thick-walled spores, oospores, zoospores or mycelium, and reproduce rapidly once they encounter suitable conditions. Fusarium hyphae can form an adhesion zone with plant roots and enter the vascular system through enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical penetration. Its metabolites such as toxins and mucus will aggravate tissue damage and promote the spread of diseases (Ogundeji et al., 2022).
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