Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 100-110 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 106 the tillage depth, effectively reducing their overwintering sites. For example, rotating sorghum and rapeseed can remove the soil moisture content in the habitat layer of grubs, significantly increasing their dehydration mortality (Deen et al., 2020). In addition, studies have reported that sorghum rotation can change the underground carbon-nitrogen ratio, reduce the ability of underground pests to locate organic matter, and indirectly inhibit their colonization (Zhou et al., 2023). 5.2.2 Interference mechanism of adult oviposition behavior Crop rotation not only inhibits the population expansion of pest larvae, but also interferes with the foraging and oviposition of adults through landscape interference and pheromone shielding, thereby reducing the insect population density from the source (Khan et al., 2016). Studies have found that adults often identify crop leaves by smell and spectrum to find suitable oviposition targets. Crop rotation diversifies the field population, mixes leaf color and volatiles, greatly reduces its recognition accuracy, and the success rate of oviposition also decreases (Okosun et al., 2021). In the African "push-pull" agricultural model, sorghum is intercropped with repellent crops, and at the same time, it is rotated with attracting crops such as millet or castor, which effectively drives away the adult pests such as stem borers, and the egg-laying density decreases by more than 50% (Khan et al., 2016). In North my country, it was observed that in the sorghum-soybean-wheat three-crop rotation system, the oviposition time of armyworms was delayed by 3 to 5 days, and the egg hatching rate was reduced by 20% to 30%, which won a time window for the integrated prevention and control of field pests and diseases (Sun et al., 2024). 6 Typical Rotation Patterns and Field Case Analysis 6.1 Comparison of the effects of sorghum-soybean, corn and other multiple cropping patterns In major sorghum-growing areas around the world, different rotation combinations are widely used to increase yields and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. Sorghum-soybean rotation and sorghum-corn rotation are the two most common modes, and have achieved good results in North America, Africa and the Huanghuai Plain in China. A three-year rotation experiment conducted in Kansas, USA, showed that the incidence of sorghum anthracnose in the sorghum-soybean rotation area was reduced by about 40%, and soybean root rot was reduced by about 32%. At the same time, the yields of the two crops increased by 12% and 8%, respectively. The main advantage of this mode is that the overlap of crop pests and diseases is low, and the nitrogen fixation ability of soybeans improves the soil nutrient structure, providing higher basic fertility for sorghum after crops (Li et al., 2024). In contrast, although the sorghum-corn rotation is not as significant as the bean combination in terms of pest and disease suppression, it has outstanding advantages in drought resistance and yield protection. Schlegel et al. (2017) reported that sorghum as the previous crop can increase the stubble coverage of corn by more than 15%, significantly reduce soil moisture evaporation, and maintain leaf moisture and root activity during the critical period of grain filling, thereby improving the yield stability of corn in drought years. The study also showed through field yield comparison that the wheat-sorghum-sorghum-fallow (WSSF) model achieved an average annual output (calculated in wheat equivalent) of 2.05 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, which was significantly better than the continuous wheat system (1.53 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), showing that sorghum participation in rotation contributes significantly to the system's production capacity(Figure 3) (Schlegel et al., 2017). This comparison table intuitively reflects the differences in crop yield responses under different multiple cropping modes and the improvement of the overall benefits of rotation. Overall, the sorghum-leguminous combination is more suitable for constructing a rotation system based on pest and disease control and soil nutrient restoration, while the sorghum-corn model is suitable for areas with tight resources and frequent climate fluctuations.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==